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r M 99 : 9% r M =575 M =1000

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(40) 3. 0.2. 0.1. 2. 0. coefficiente 100. coefficiente 2. 1. 0. −1. −0.1. −0.2. −0.3. −2 −0.4. ordine 1 ordine 2 ordine 4. −3. −4. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ordine 1 ordine 2 ordine 4. −0.5. −0.6. 10. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. tempo. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. tempo. 0.06. 0.1. 0.04. 0.08 0.02. 0.06. coefficiente 500. coefficiente 350. 0. −0.02. −0.04. −0.06. −0.08. 0.04. 0.02. 0. −0.1. ordine 1 ordine 2 ordine 4. −0.12. −0.14. 0. 1. 2. ordine 1 ordine 2 ordine 4. −0.02. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. −0.04. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ;^`”XKNWVRr®Ž`­ 

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(50) 3. 0.3. 0.2. 2. 0.1. coefficiente 100. coefficiente 2. 1. 0. −1. 0. −0.1. −0.2. −0.3. −2 −0.4. 100 modi 300 modi 500 modi 575 modi. −3. −4. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 100 modi 300 modi 500 modi 575 modi. −0.5. −0.6. 10. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. tempo. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. tempo 0.15. 0.25. 0.2. 0.1. 0.1. coefficiente 300. coefficiente 200. 0.15. 0.05. 0. 0.05. −0.05 0. −0.1. −0.2. 300 modi 500 modi 575 modi. 300 modi 500 modi 575 modi. −0.15. −0.05. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. tempo. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. tempo. 0.08. 0.07. 0.06 0.06 0.05. 0.04. coefficiente 500. coefficiente 400. 0.04. 0.02. 0. 0.03. 0.02. 0.01. 0. −0.02. −0.01 −0.04 −0.02. 500 modi 575 modi −0.06. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. −0.03. 10. 500 modi 575 modi 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ;^`”XKNWVRD®ŽŸ¶ 5( #!2(

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