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(27) R[GeTVWO^´ZNKNaTQa4WQp=^_Yw^¦ a4G\kR[MOPZNa4G`GRZNa4WO^`yURUTzRmZNa4GdNWQ^`p!Pm\4PuaCv=\4^`a4YxTVaMO^rLR]^`YnZNaj¢LYN^`TQ^`yUR]\zNa,^_G TVaCWQp=^_YNaDZN^¨dNWQaCMQMQ^`PXYNagDMQaCp!dNWOadPXMQ^eTV^`y[P*aCZSLR*KNY,yUR[G`PXWp!aCZN^_P!dLR[WQ^¸R 8.9323 · ;^_GJTQa4WQp=^_Ywa=\CPXYxyXajTQTV^eyXP^`YxyXa4\Ca)g*MOa4p=dNWQa!YNa4XRUTV^eyXP a4ZlLR KNY]yUR[G`PXWp!aCZN^_P 10 MQP[G`TzRUYoTQP/Zw^ −4.5287 · 10 ¨R?G_P[WQP MQPXp=p*RaCuKw^`yUR[G_a2p=a4ZN^_R[p=a4YxTVa2R 4.4037 · \zwagKNYyUR[G`PXWQaDd|PXMO^`TQ^`yXP!\zNaZNP²yuWQaC{N{a8a4MQMOa4WOa=Ywa4KwTQWVR[G`^_b4b4RUTVP!ZLR[G TVaCWQp=^_YNa 10 ZN^e·´KNMO^`y[Pª¥YNa4xRhTV^`y[Po°B\zNa^`YxyXa4\CaLR2KNY y[RUG_PXWOa~p=a4Zw^_P2ZN^ ©P²yoyXa4WOP ZNKNa~PXWOZN^_YN^|ZN^XWQR[YNZNaCb4bkR2dN^ dw^_\4\CPXG_P8Zwa4XG`^R[G`TQWQ^
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(31) Ω. Ω. Ω. i. 1. . −2. −2. . −2. −4. 0. −2. −3. . i.
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(35) R[{N{NR[MOTVR[YNbkR8ZN^`MOTVR[YxTV^
(36) WO^_MQdaCTOTVP2R[[G_^
(37) RUG`TVWO^ ZNKNa~MQ\zwa4p=^¦N^`G
(38) \4KN^WO^_MOKNG`TVRUTVP8^`Yoy[a4\Ca~gp=PXG`TQP8MQ^`p!^`G_a[ Kwa4MOTQP?g=ZwP¯yuKwTQP,RUG;¤¬RUTQTQP\zNa2^_GdNR[MQMOP/ZN^;^_YxTVaCXWVR[bC^_PXYwa ∆t = 0.1 gTVWOPXdNdP a4G`aCyURUTQPNwp!R^_GMQKwPy[RUG_PXWOagrZwaCTVaCWQp=^_YLRhTVPZLRUG_GR~MQdLRUb4^RhTVKNWQRZNa4^|\kR[p=dN^^_MTzR[YxTzRUYNa4^ ZN^yXaCG_Pu\4^`TV \CPXY]\CKN^cg*MOTVRUTzR \kR[G`\4PXG_RUTzRG_R WQR[dNdNWOa4MQaCYxTzR[bC^_PXYNa*cD;rRhTVP,\zwa)G_P MQ\zwa4p!RDZN^©PXWOZN^_YNa 4 YNPXY!\4PXp=dPXWOTVRZw^`·|a4WQaCYNb4aMQ^`XYN^e¢L\kRUTQ^`y[aWQ^_MOd|ajTQTQPR[G`G_PMO\zNa4p!R ZN^JPXWOZN^_Ywa 2 MQ^;dNK WQ^`TQa4YNaCWQa8\zNa2^`GMQKNP?XWQR[ZNP?ZN^dwWQa4\C^_MO^_PXYNa8MO^RMQKv!\C^_aCYoTQa2d|aCW KNYLR2\4P[WQWQajTQTVR=RUYLR[G_^`MQ^|ZNa4^WO^_MQKwG`TzRhTV^¦ ¸a4W8yUR[G`KwTzR[WOa^_Y$\zNa p!^`MQKNWQRG¦RkyXa4W8TQWVR[MO\4KNWQRUTVP^p!PuZN^BZw^^_YNZN^`\4aMOKNd|aCWQ^`PXWQa R ^`YN\4^`ZNa=MQKNGcMQ^`MOTVaCp*R ZN^_YNR[p!^`\4P]ª¬«Ne¯®X°MQ^cMQP[YNP\kRUG_\4P[GRUTQa=G`a=¤¥KwYNb4^`PXYN^ g (t) MQP[575 dNWVRZNaj¢LYN^eTVa[ar^_G\4P[WQWQ^`MQdPXYNZNaCYxTVar^`YoTQa4XWQR[G_a\4P[YNMQ^`ZNa4WQR[YNZNP8KNYYoKNp=a4WOP8ZN^´p=PuZN^ yu^R/yu^_R,\4WOa4MQ\Ca4YxTVaU J aC·|aCTOTVPSZNaCG¡TVWOPXYN\4R[p!aCYxTVPWO^_MQKwG`TzR aCyu^_Zwa4YxTVaMOPXG_P/YNa4^Bp=PuZN^ dNWOPXMQMO^_p=^RSuKwa4G_G`PSZN^BTVWOPXYN\4R[p!aCYxTVP§ª¥¢Lw ®¶X°±lFHYNPXGeTVWQa)TVR[G_aaj·´ajTQTQPgTVR[YxTVPdN^ dN^`\4\4P[G_P uKNR[YxTVP,p!R[X[^_PXWOag!G^`YNZN^`\4a8ZNaCG¡p=PZwP ^`Ym\CPXWQWO^_MOd|PXYwZNa4YNb4R/ZNaCGuKNR[G_a=MQ^ aC·|aCTOTVKLR ^_G;TQWQPXYw\kR[p=a4YxTVPw rKNaCMOTQP,\4P[YNMQaCYoTQa*ZN^Rh·´aCWQp!R[WQa8\zNa=^_G;\4PXYxTVWO^_{NKTVP ZNa4^ . . . . . . . . .
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(40) 3. 0.2. 0.1. 2. 0. coefficiente 100. coefficiente 2. 1. 0. −1. −0.1. −0.2. −0.3. −2 −0.4. ordine 1 ordine 2 ordine 4. −3. −4. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ordine 1 ordine 2 ordine 4. −0.5. −0.6. 10. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. tempo. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. tempo. 0.06. 0.1. 0.04. 0.08 0.02. 0.06. coefficiente 500. coefficiente 350. 0. −0.02. −0.04. −0.06. −0.08. 0.04. 0.02. 0. −0.1. ordine 1 ordine 2 ordine 4. −0.12. −0.14. 0. 1. 2. ordine 1 ordine 2 ordine 4. −0.02. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. −0.04. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ;^`XKNWVRr®`
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(49) TVaCWQp=^_YNa \4P[Yoy[aCTOTV^`y[P?dN^ /uKwa4G_G`P*ZN^¨\4P[YoTQPXWQYwP)WQaCGRUTQ^`yXP*R[G_G_R=dwWQa4MOMQ^`PXYNa[ PXYw¤¥WQP[YoTVR[YNZNP*^¸WO^ei MQKwG`TzRhTV^ª¥¢Lw ®fx°rMQ^cLR?\zNa[;d|aCWD^\4PuaCv=\C^_a4YxTQ^}R {LR[MQMOP,^`YNZN^_\Ca=R[MQMOP\C^RUTQ^¡RU^cp=PuZN^ dN^ Sa4YNaCWQXajTV^_\C^¦YNP[YSa4MQ^`MOTQPXYNP?ZN^`·|a4WOa4YNbCa8MQPXMTzR[Ywb4^RUG_^¸TQWVR)G^`YoTQa4XWQR[b4^`PXYNaD^_YS\4Kw^MQ^ g\CPXYNMQ^`ZNa4WQRUTVP*^_G¨MQPXG`P!TVaCWQp=^_YNaD\4PXYxy[aCTQTQ^`y[PaoKNa4G`GR!^`Y\4Kw^;MQ^¸MQPXYwP)^_YxTVWOPZwP[TQTQ^¸XG`^ R[GeTVWQ^¡ZNKNa?\4P[YoTQWQ^`{NKwTV^¡FHYxyXa4\Ca[Bda4W8^}\4PuaCv=\4^`a4YxTV^ZN^}^_YNZN^`\4a)dw^ $a4G`aCyURUTVPwJMQ^BTVWOP²y[R \zNa!^_GTVaCWQp=^_YNa2ZN^dNWOa4MOMQ^_P[YNa*^`YwILKN^`MQ\4a=MQKwGcWO^_MOKNG`TVRUTVP?p!R[Ymp!R[YNP \zNa!G¦ ^_YxTVaCWOyUR[G_G`P TVaCp!dPXWQR[G_aDR[KNp=a4YxTzR rKNa4MTVP\4P[p!dPXWOTVR[p=a4YxTVP!gZLR*^`p!dNKTzR[WOaR[G¨¤¬RUTQTQP*\zNaUaC¤i w . .
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(72) 5. 4. origin. ricostr.. 3. 3. 2. 2. 1. coefficiente 3. coefficiente 2. 4. 1. 0. 0. −1. −1. −2. −2. −3. −3. −4. −4. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. −5. 100. origin. ricostr. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. tempo 5. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 2. origin. ricostr. 4. 0. 3. −2. coefficiente 5. coefficiente 4. 50. tempo. 2. 1. −4. −6. 0. −8. −1. −10. origin. ricostr. −2. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. −12. 100. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. tempo. 50. tempo. 1. 0.2. 0.1. 0. coefficiente 350. coefficiente 100. 0. −1. −2. −3. −0.1. −0.2. −0.3. −0.4. −4 −0.5. origin. ricostr. −5. 0. 10. ;^`XKNWVR ®u«. 20. origin. ricostr. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. −0.6. 100. 0. 10. tempo. 20. 30. 40. 50. tempo. 5( #!2(
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(85) NZ ^MOP[TQTQPXXWO^_XG`^RwLMOPXp!p!RUTQPR[G¸TQa4WOp!^`YNa\CPXYxyXaCTOTV^eyXPNWOa4YNZNa8G`a g (t) R*yUR[G_PXWp!aCZN^_P oKLR[MO^wYoKNG_G`PNhuKw^_YNZN^uaC·|aCTOTVKLRUYNZNPXYNa¡G¦ ^_YxTVaCXWVRUb4^_P[YNaMQ\4P[p!dLRUWQa}GRUYNZLR[p=a4YxTVPZN^oTV^`d|P ZN^eyXa4WOXa4YxTQaDWO^_MQ\CPXYxTVWQRUTVP2^_Y?dNWOa4\Ca4ZNaCYNbkR,ª¥¢LN® «o°j i. 4. 1. 3. 0.8. 2. 0.6. convett. effett. (effett.)−(convett.). 0.4. 1. 0.2. g. 2. g100. 0. −1. 0. −0.2. −2 −0.4. −3 −0.6. convett. effett. (effett.)−(convett.). −4. −5. 0. 1. 2. 3. −0.8. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. −1. 10. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. tempo. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. tempo. 0.8. 0.6 convett. effett. (effett.)−(convett.). 0.6. 0.4 0.4. 0.2. a500. 0. g. 350. 0.2. 0. −0.2. −0.2 −0.4. −0.4. convett. effett. (effett.)−(convett.). −0.6. −0.8. 0. 1. ;^`XKNWVR ®®. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. tempo. tempo. 5( #!2(
(86) A !/ E !# &-(I 6
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(98) > & J$ ( 1 . h. q ^`d|PXWTzR[YwZNP,GRUTOTVaCYNb4^`PXYNa)MOKNG_GKNYw^_\4P/TVa4WOp!^`YNa*p=PuZNa4G`G_^_bCbkRUTQP,WO^_p!R[MOTQPNoKNa4G`G_P \4P[Yoy[aCTOTV^`y[PNBMO^NR\zNa KNYLRKNGeTVa4WO^_PXWOa*¤¥PXYxTVa?ZN^s^`p!dNWOa4\C^_MQ^`PXYNa)g?ZNP²yuKwTVR]R[G}¤¬RhTQTVP \zNa?^_GcdNWO^_p=Pp!PuZNP/\4PX^`YN\4^`ZNa)\4P[Y+^`G¡\4R[p=d|Pp=a4Zw^_Pa^¡p!PuZN^cMQKN\C\4a4MOMQ^ey^s\CPXYG_a ILKwTOTVKLRUb4^_P[YN^uRp=a4YNPZN^oKNYaCWQWQP[WQac\zNa}dP[TVWOa4{N{aca4MQMOa4WOa}TVWOPXdNdPXWQR[YNZNaU PXp=acX^ a4MOd|P[MOTVPYNa4GodLRUWVR[XWQRU¤¥Psfwfwe¡WOa4GRhTV^`y[PsR[G_GRUYLR[G_^`MQ^hZNa4^o\CPajv!\C^_aCYoTQ^xp!PuZLR[G`^[ZNaC^o\kR[p=dN^ ZN^LyXaCG_Pu\4^eTzwo^_GwdNWQ^`p!P\4PuaCv=\C^_a4YxTQaZNP²yuWQaC{N{|aa4MOMQa4WOar\4P[MOTzRUYoTQaYwa4G©TVa4p=dPNxaoKN^`YNZN^ GRMOKLR/ZNaCWQ^ey[RhTzRYoKNG_G_R a˙ (t) = g (t) = 0 rKNa4MTzR \4PXYNZw^_b4^`PXYNaU¨MOPZwZN^_M¤¬RUTQTVR?^`Y p!R[YN^_aCWVR~XWQPXMOMQPXG_R[YLRª g ≈ 10 °jdNK 8^_Yxy[a4\4aaCMQMOa4WQa^`p!dPXMTzRw¸FHYw¤¬RUTQTQ^¦ud|P[YNa4YNZwP º . . 1. 1. −2. 1. .
(99) ?a uKw^_YNZN^}\4PXYNMO^_ZNaCWVR[YwZNP a (t) = ha (t)i = a \CPXMOTVR[YxTVaU}^_GcTVaCWQp=^_YNa \4P[Yoy[aCTOTV^`y[PrZNaCGMO^_MOTQa4p!RZw^_YLR[p=^_\CP~ª¬«Ne¯®X°
(100) dNK a4MOMQaCWQaBMy^`G_KNdwdLRUTVPwUda4W¨^o\4PuaCv=\4^`a4YxTV^ MQKw\4\4aCMQMO^`yu^;RUG
(101) dNWQ^`p!PwwYNaCGMQa4[KNa4YxTVaDp!PuZNP. a˙ 1 (t) = 0. 1. 1. . 1. . j M X X. Cijk aj (t)ak (t) = . . .. j=1 k=1. ¦ª ®u º ° FHG}dwWQ^_p=P p!aCp{NWQP/ZNa4G`GR]ª¦® º °~g!MOTVRUTVPMTV^`p*RUTQP,dNWOa4YNZwa4YNZNPS\CPXp=a*dNWO^_p=P,\4PuaCv8i \4^`a4YxTVa?oKNaCG_G_P,\zNa?MQPuZNZN^_M¤¬RYNPXY$da4WO¤¥ajTQTVR[p!aCYxTVaGR\CPXYNZN^`b4^`PXYNa)ZN^}\4PXMTzR[YNb4RSYNa4G TVaCp!dPN!FHGcMOa4\CPXYNZNPp=a4p{NWQP?^_Yxy[a4\4a!g!MTzRUTQP,\4R[G_\CPXGRUTQP^_p=d|P[YNa4YNZwP/G_R?\CPXMOTVR[YNb4R R[G dNWO^_p=P=\CPajv=\4^_aCYxTVa[ ¨R=ZN^`·|a4WOa4YNb4R=TQWVR2^¨ZwKNaDg~KNY/a4WQWOPXWQa~ZNaCG_G¦ PXWOZN^_YNaZw^ \zNa\CPXWQWO^_MQdPXYNZwaR[G_GP[WQZN^`YNasZN^´XWQR[YNZNaCb4b4RZNa4GTVa4WOp!^`YNaZw^|\CPXYxTVPXWOYNPN rKN^_YwZN^´10GaCWi WQP[WQaZwP¯yuKwTQP)R[G`GR8YNPXY,d|aCWO¤¥aCTOTzR=\4PXMTzR[YNb4R*ZNaCG¨dwWQ^_p=P=\4PuaCv=\4^`a4YxTVaDgdLR[WQR[XPXYNR[{N^_G`a R2uKwa4G_G`P8\zNa~MQ^\4P[p!p=aCTOTVaTQWVR[MO\4KNWQR[YNZNP=^_G´TQa4WOp!^`YNaZN^{PXWQZNPw 021 6 jA A <?E 9¸A @BAj:6E Es<A <?A Es6EB9 ~A ¡A46EB7 A FHY WO^`¤¥aCWQ^_p=a4YxTQP§R$oKLR[YxTVPa4MQdPXMTVPYwa4G_G_RMQa4bC^_PXYwam«NfwG_RyUR[WO^R[bC^_PXYwaSp!aCZN^RZN^ a4Ywa4WQ[^R8\4^`YNaCTQ^_\kR8WOa4GRhTV^`yURRUG_G¦ iiµa4MO^_p=Pp!PuZNP8gZLRUTVR8ZLR XX ª¦® ¹ ° 1 1 he˙ i = hf a i + Dλ + C ha a a i 2 Re ZNP²yXa^`G|dNWO^_p=PTVaCWQp=^_YNagG_aCxRUTVPR[G_G`a\CPXYNZN^`b4^_P[YN^´RUG´\4P[YoTQPXWQYwPNN^_GMQaC\4PXYwZNP!WQR[dNdNWOaji MQaCYxTzR^_GJ¤¥aCYNPXp=a4YNPZw^`·|KNMQ^eyXP,aCZ^_GJTVaCWQbCPoKNa4G`G_P,\CPXYxyXajTQTV^eyXPN¸a4WuKNR[YxTVPZNajTQTQP YNaCG_GRDMQa4bC^_PXYwardNWQaC\4aCZNa4YxTVaU©^_G©TVa4WOp!^`YNaZw^´{PXWQZNP8aCZ^_G©TVaCWQp=^_YNaZN^`·|KNMQ^eyXPMOPXYNPTQWVRhi MQ\CKNWVRU{N^_G`^¦ G`G_PXWQRw \4PXYwMQ^_Zwa4WVRUYNZNPG`P/My^`G_KNdwd|Plª¦® º °ZNa4GTVaCWQp=^_YNa=\4PXYxy[aCTQTQ^`y[PNJGR yUR[WQ^_R[b4^`PXYNarp=a4Zw^RZN^aCYNa4WOX^R8\4^`YNaCTQ^_\4R2gZNRUTzR2ZLR M X. . . . = Ci11 a21 + a1. Cij1 aj (t) +. j=2. j M X X. Cijk aj (t)ak (t). j=2 k=2. . −3. . . . .
(102). . . . . . . . .
(103) . . j. M. i. jk i. i i i. i i. j k i. j=1 k=1. . . j X. Cijk haj ak ai i = . . .. k=1. . . . = Ci11 a21 hai i + a1. M X. Cij1 haj ai i +. j=2. . . . = a1 Cii1 λi +. j M X X j=2 k=2. j M X X. Cijk haj ak ai i = . . .. j=2 k=2. Cijk haj ak ai i. ¹. i = 2, . . . , M. ª® X°.
(104) ZNP²yXa=MQ^Jg8M¤¥WQKwTOTzRUTQP?^_G;¤¬RUTOTVP\zNa=^\CPajv!\C^_aCYoTQ^Jp!PuZLR[G`^¸MOPXYNP?MQ\CPXWQWOa4G_RUTV^^`Yp!aCZN^R a8\zNa2^_YwPXG`TQWQaG_R)G_PXWOP)p=a4ZN^_R*g8YoKNG_G_Rw u^YNP[TQ^;\zNa2G¦ a4Ywa4WQ[^R*\C^_YNajTV^_\4R)ZNa4G;\kR[p=d|P p=a4ZN^`P)YNPXYyUR[WO^R*YNaCG;TVaCp!dPN|^_Yw¤¬RUTOTV^|aCMQMQaCYNZNP \CPXMOTVR[YxTVaU WO^_MOKNG`TVR!KNXKNR[G_a8R b4aCWQPN ¨R)yUR[WO^R[bC^_PXYNaDp!aCZN^R!ZN^Ja4YNaCX^R)\C^_YNajTV^`\kR)aZNaC^p!PuZN^¸MQKN\Ce˙\4a4MOMQ^ey^cR[G;dNWQ^`p!P)g . 1. . 1. 1. 10. 0.01. 0. 10. interazione campo fluttuante. interazione campo medio. 0.005. −1. 10. −2. 10. −3. 10. 0. −0.005. −0.01. −4. 10. −0.015. −5. 10. 1. 2. 10. −0.02. 3. 10. 10. 0. 100. 200. 300. modo i. ;^`XKNWVR+® º. 400. 500. 600. modo i. . . A ? !# @0
(105) (! E -(!# %: ( " "!8 % & "% ; (- I &;C &
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(110) D!;: ( " ( E 0J!#A 5 %
(111) D ';0
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(113) \4R[p=d|P2p=a4ZN^`PN TVWQR[p=^`TVaD^_G TVaCWQp=^_YNa a C λ ZNaCG_G_RSª¦® x°±´a4ZR[G`G¦ ^_YxTVaCWVR[bC^_PXYwa~\CPXYS^p=PZw^¸WOa4MOTVR[YxTV^ TVWQR[p=^`TVaG¦R[G`TQWQPTQa4WQp=^_YwaZNa4G`GR?ª¦®u x°}Zw^
(114) TV^_dPTVWO^R[Zw^_\4Pw FHG¨TQa4WQp=^_YwaZN^¸^_YxTVaCWVR[bC^_PXYNaD\4PXY,^_G¨\kR[p=d|P*p!aCZN^_P!gMQaCp!dNWOadPXMQ^eTV^`y[PSª ¢LN® º °j FHYw¤¬RUTOTV^N^Lp=PuZN^w^`YN\4WOa4p=a4YxTzR[YwP~G_RrdNWQP[dNWQ^_Rra4YNaCWQX^_R\C^_YNajTV^`\kRRUTOTV^_YwXa4YNZwPXGRZNR[GL\kR[p8i dP!p=a4ZN^`PN R8uKNR[YxTV^`TV=Zw^a4YNaCWQX^_R2\zwaDPX[YN^p!PuZNP8WO^_a4MO\4a~R2MQP[TOTVWVRUWQWQa~R[G´\kR[p=d|P p=a4ZN^`P8g~dwWQPXdPXWQbC^_PXYNR[G_aRUG
(115) \4PXYxTQa4YoKwTVP!a4YNaCWQXajTV^`\4P2ZNa4G p=PZwP8MOTVaCMQMOPN FHY!RUYLR[G_P[X^RR[G_G_RZNaj¢LYN^_bC^_PXYwaª¬«Ne x°¨ZLRUTzRr^`Y8dNWQaC\4aCZNa4YNb4RwuMQ^NLRr\zwaG^`YwILKNaCYNbkR ZNaCGp!PuZNP j MOKNG_GaCYNa4WOX^RZNaCGp!PuZNP i gWVR[dwdNWQaCMQa4YxTVRUTzR2ZLR X ª¦®u
(116) ° Π(i|j) = C a (t)a (t)a (t) ZNP²yXaU ^_YSoKNa4MTVP \kR[MOPNG¦ ^_YxTQa4WVRUb4^_P[YNaDTQWQ^RUZN^_\4R!WQ^`XKLR[WOZLR*MOPXG_P^¸p!PuZN^;\zwa=WQR[dNdNWOaji MQaCYxTzR[YNP/GRdLR[WTVa2ILKwTOTVKLR[YxTQa!ZNaCGJILKNMQMOPN FHGyUR[G`PXWQa2R[MOMQPXG`KwTVP ZNaCGTVWVRUMO¤¥a4WO^_p=a4YxTVP p=a4ZN^`P hΠ(i|j)i d|aCWJ^LdNWQ^`p!^ 575 p=PuZN^NgWQ^`dPXWOTVRUTVP^`Y¢LXKNWQRD®u ¹ ^NYNP[TQ^L\4PXp=aXG`^ MQ\4R[p{N^Zw^p*R[[X^_PXW¡a4YxTV^eTz8RkyoyXaCYNxR[YNP=TVWQR2^dwWQ^_p=^ ∼ 100 p=PZw^
(117) aXa4YNaCWVR[G`p!aCYxTVa[ da4W^`YNZN^_\C^dN^ ma4G_ajyURUTV^¸TVWQR,p=PZN^³¦y^`\4^`YN^e³V¨\CPXp=a!TVaCMOTQ^_p=PXYN^R?GR?¤¬R[MQ\C^R,G`KNYNXP/GR ZN^_R[XPXYLRUG_a[ 1. i1 i i. . . j. jk j i. k. i. k=2. . .
(118) ;^`XKNWVR ® ¹ 00J FHMQPhiHG_^eyXaCG_G_^¨\zNa!\4PXdNWOPXYNP KNY^_YxTVaCWOyUR[G_G`P \4P[p!dNWOa4MOP=TQWVR8KNY p*R[MOMQ^`p!Log(|hΠ(i|j)i|) P ª rosso = 10 °}a~KwY/p=^_YN^`YNP?ª blu = 10 ° . . −2. ;^`XKNWVR ® 8 " +D!+ & " B % " JdPXMQ^eTV^`y[PN" "!2 JYNaCxRUTV^eyXPN . . . −6. %!/($ !# &
(119) A %!# % ; .
(120). hΠ(i|j)i. .
(121) YLR[G`^_bCbkR[YNZwP=^dwWQ^_p=^
(122) p=PZw^MQ^TVWOP¯yUR2\zNa~^¨p=PuZN^ 2 3 4 a 5 YNP[Y/^`YoTQa4WQR[X^_MO\4PUi YNP?TVWQR G`PXWQPN P²yoyXaCWQP,YwPXYmMO^JTVWVRUMO¤¥a4WO^_MO\4PXYNP a4Ywa4WQ[^R?G¦ KNYG¦R[G`TQWQPN rKNa4MTV^oKLRUTOTVWQP p=PZN^¸MQPXYwP [G_^;KwYN^_\C^JRdNWQaCMQa4YxTVR[WQa2KNYS¤¥PXWTVa2R[\C\4PXdNdw^R[p=a4YxTVPª 2i 3 4i 5°ª ¢LNfw ®[° a4Z,a4MQMOa4YNZwP^¨dw^ ,aCYNa4WOXaCTQ^_\C^¨MOPXYNP!uKwa4G_G`^ ^_Y XWVR[ZwP*ZN^ a4MTVWQR[WQWOaGR2p!R[XX^`PXWBoKLR[Yi TV^eTzSZN^sa4Ywa4WQ[^RSZLR[Gs\kRUp!dPp!aCZN^_PN$FHY§dLR[WOTQ^_\CPXGR[WOa[^p=PZN^ 2 a 3 dNWQaCMQa4YxTVR[YNP KNYLRyUR[WO^R[bC^_PXYNa!d|P[MQ^`TQ^`yUR/Zw^Ba4YNaCWQX^_R\4^`YNaCTQ^_\kR/ZNP²yKTzRR[GB\4R[p!dPp=a4ZN^`Pa4Z$KNYNR yUR[WQ^_R[b4^`PXYNaDYNa4xRhTV^`yUR*Zw^;a4Ywa4WQ[^R*\C^_YNajTV^_\4R)ZNP²yuKwTzRR[^¸p!PuZN^¨ZN^;^`YNZN^`\4aMOKNd|aCWQ^`PXWQa8R ª¥¢Lw ®
(123) °± ^YNPUTV^s\4PXp=a?a4MO^_MOTVR[YNPZNa4G`G_aaC\4\4aCb4^`PXYN^¦¡P²yuy[a4WOP]ZNaC^p=PuZN^B\zNaU 5 ^_Yxy[a4\4aZN^¸MOP[TQTQWVR[WOWQaU|\Ca4ZNPXYwP)a4YNaCWQX^_Rª¥MQa4[YNP*dPXMQ^eTV^eyXPo°± rKNaCMOTVP*MQ^_[YN^`¢L\4R=\zwa dLR[WTVa~ZNa4G`G¦ a4YNaCWQX^_R=\C^_YNajTV^`\kR2\zNa^`G\kR[p=d|P=p=a4ZN^`P!\Ca4ZNaR[^ dNWQ^`p!^
(124) ZwKNap=PZw^
(125) y^`a4YNa MQPUTQTVWQRUTQTVR ZNR[^p=PZN^;MQKN\C\4a4MOMQ^ey^ YN\zNa=^Jp!PuZN^MOKN\4\Ca4MQMO^`yu^¦¸\4PXY^_YwZN^_\Ca8^_Yw¤¥aCWQ^_P[WQa . . . . . −3. −3. x 10. 2. x 10. 2. 0 0. −2 −2. modo 3. modo 2. −4. −6. −4. −8 −6. −10 −8. −12. −14. −10. 0. 100. 200. 300. 400. 500. 600. 0. 100. 200. 300. modo j. 400. 500. 600. modo j. . −3. −3. 3. x 10. 20. x 10. 2.5. 15. 2. 1.5. 10. modo 20. modo 4. 1. 0.5. 0. 5. −0.5. 0. −1. −1.5. −2. 0. 100. 200. 300. 400. 500. −5. 600. 0. 10. 20. ;^`XKNWVR2®u
(126). Π(3|j).
(127) . . . 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. . #
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(144) . . . . . . . 1. i. i i. . i. 1. . .
(145) −5. 8. −5. x 10. 5. x 10. 4 6 3 4. modo 300. modo 200. 2. 2. 1. 0 0 −1 −2 −2. −4. 0. 100. 200. 300. 400. 500. −3. 600. 0. 100. 200. modo j. 300. 400. 500. 600. 400. 500. 600. modo j. . −6. −5. 1.5. x 10. 10. x 10. 8 1. 6 0.5. modo 500. modo 400. 4. 0. 2. 0 −0.5. −2 −1. −4. −1.5. 0. 100. 200. 300. 400. 500. 600. −6. 0. 100. ;^`XKNWVR!®e i = 300 . . #
(146) : 8 "!
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(148) ¶ . . . . . . .
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