• Non ci sono risultati.

Capitolo 3: Progetto di ricerca "Emozioniamoci con il corpo"

3.6 Conclusione

I risultati ottenuti nella ricerca presentata in questo elaborato hanno dimostrato una differenza significativa nella riduzione delle somatizzazioni e nel miglioramento della qualità di vita a seguito dell'intervento di psico- educazione in un campione di bambini della Scuola Primaria.

Sono difatti emerse delle differenze rispetto ai diversi tempi di valutazione nel campione. Nelle prime valutazioni i bambini hanno riferito livelli di somatizzazione per mal di testa, astenia, dolore addominale, dolore alle

braccia e alle gambe e dolori muscolari maggiori rispetto alle valutazioni successive. Anche la soddisfazione verso la qualità di vita è risultata incrementata nella rilevazione di follow-up. Infine è stato possibile rilevare un cambiamento rispetto alla gamma di emozioni riportate nei vari incontri. A tal proposito è possibile evidenziare al primo incontro come i soggetti abbiano riferito (valutazione pre) di provare emozioni come felicità e sorpresa, ma anche stati fisici come stanchezza e sonnolenza, mentre all'ultimo incontro (valutazione post) le emozioni maggiormente indicate sono state felicità, tristezza, preoccupazione e sopresa. Questo riscontro potrebbe essere intrepretato come indicativo dell'avvenuta acquisizione dei bambini nel corso delle attività educative, di una maggiore capacità di discernere i diversi stati emotivi e di riuscire a riferire un'esperienza emozionale diversificata. Durante il progetto è stata più volte enfatizzata l'importanza dell'espressione delle proprie emozioni, la quale è legata alla loro comprensione e alla consapevolezza delle stesse. In particolare è stata affrontata l’importanza dell'espressione non solo delle emozioni positive ma anche di quelle negative che necessitano di essere legittimate, in quanto parimenti utili alla comprensione delle proprie esperienze. Emerge perciò l'importanza dell'integrazione di percorsi educativi nel contesto scolastico che, partendo dall'osservazione di Sè, sostengano il bambino a riconoscere, elaborare e dare voce al proprio mondo interiore e alle emozioni, non solo a livello verbale ma attraverso il proprio corpo, mediante il gioco con cui il bambino può esprimersi liberamente e condividere le proprie esperienze,

percezioni e sensazioni con i compagni, confrontandosi con l'esperienza ed il vissuto dell'altro. Lo scambio, attraverso il Circle Time, diventa strumento educativo in cui gli stessi bambini diventano essi stessi promotori della salute del coetaneo.

Attraverso simili interventi appare possibile guidare il bambino nello sviluppo di capacità che gli consentano sia di riconoscere i vari stati emotivi, la loro variazione in relazione alle esperienze, la consapevolezza che permette non solo di cogliere le emozioni a livello cognitivo ma di percepirle anche attraverso il corpo. Riuscendo infine ad essere consapevole che un sintomo, come ad esempio il dolore, diventa uno strumento che il corpo ha per esprimere un disagio, una sofferenza ancora poco chiara alla coscienza.

Appendice A

Quale emozione provi oggi?

.

Appendice D

LEAS-C ISTRUZIONI

Nelle pagine seguenti troverai descritte alcune situazioni. Ogni situazione coinvolge due persone: te e un’altra persona.

Immagina di vivere le situazioni narrate e descrivi come tu ti senti e come si sente l’altra persona nella situazione narrata.

Dovrai usare la parola “sentirsi” nelle tue risposte.

Non importa se darai risposte corte o lunghe, non importa se farai qualche errore di grammatica. Non ci sono risposte giuste o sbagliate. Ricordati solo di descrivere come tu ti senti e come si sente l’altra persona. Per favore, cerca di scrivere bene, in modo chiaro, così io posso capire bene tutto quello che tu scrivi.

N1:

Stai partecipando a un’importante gara di corsa con un’amica. Ultimamente vi siete allenate assieme per questa gara. Stai per tagliare il traguardo, ma prendi una storta alla caviglia, cadi e non puoi più continuare a correre. La tua amica va avanti e vince la corsa.

Come ti senti? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente la tua amica?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N2:

Tu e la mamma state rientrando a casa di sera.

Non appena arrivate nella vostra via, vedete i camion dei pompieri parcheggiati vicino a casa vostra.

Come ti senti? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Come si sente la mamma? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N3:

Tu e la tua amica decidete di mettere da parte le vostre paghette per comprarvi assieme qualcosa di speciale.

Alcuni giorni dopo, la tua amica ti dice che ha cambiato idea e che ha speso i suoi soldi. Come ti senti? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente la tua amica?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N4:

Una persona che aveva detto cose brutte e cattive su di te nel passato ora viene da te e ti dice qualcosa di molto carino.

Come ti senti? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente questa persona?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N5:

Tuo papà ti dice che il vostro cane è stato investito da un’automobile e che il veterinario ha dovuto ucciderlo.

Come ti senti?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente tuo papà?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N6:

Tu e tanti altri bambini state correndo durante l’intervallo del pranzo. Tu e un’altra bambina vi scontrate e cadete tutte e due violentemente a terra. Come ti senti? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente l’altra bambina?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N7:

Il dentista ti dice che hai qualche problema ai denti che deve essere risolto subito.

Il dentista ti fissa l’appuntamento per farti tornare il giorno dopo. Come ti senti? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente il dentista?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N8:

migliorare. Come ti senti? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente la tua insegnante?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N9:

Sei diventata molto amica di una nuova compagna di classe.

Trascorrete molto tempo insieme e ti sembra che vi conosciate proprio bene. Un giorno lei ti invita a casa sua. Scopri che la sua famiglia è molto ricca e che la tua amica ha tutto quello che tu hai sempre desiderato. La tua amica ti dice che ti aveva tenuto segrete queste cose perché pensava che le bambine si sarebbero interessate a lei solo per i suoi soldi.

Come ti senti?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente la tua amica?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N10:

Le squadre di pallavolo sono state formate e la maggior parte dei giocatori sono stati scelti. Sono rimaste escluse due bambine e tu sei una di queste. Però hanno bisogno soltanto di un altro giocatore.

Come ti senti?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente l’altra bambina?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________ N11:

La tua amica sta dividendo le sue patatine con te e con alcune altre bambine. Ti accorgi che sta dando più patatine alle altre bambine che a te.

Come ti senti?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente la tua amica?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ N12:

La tua migliore amica passa a trovarti dopo essere stata via per molte settimane. Come ti senti? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Come si sente la tua amica?

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

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