CAPITOLO 4: ESPERIENZA PERSONALE
4.6 Conclusioni
Secondo quanto emerso dal presente studio, la cataratta si conferma come una delle patologie oculari più frequentemente riscontrate nella specie canina, osservabile in forme differenti in relazione alle molteplici cause eziologiche e in percentuali statisticamente variabili, in funzione alla possibile predisposizione razziale della patologia stessa.
La nostra analisi conferma la prevalenza statistica di alcune tipologie di cataratta, fra cui la cataratta ereditaria e la cataratta secondaria ad atrofia progressiva della retina (PRA). Considerata la perdita della funzione visiva conseguente alla PRA, le possibili complicazioni e la presenza generalmente bilaterale della cataratta associata, esiste il motivo nel ritenere che le due patologie siano particolarmente invalidanti per il soggetto e determinino, a seconda del grado di progressione della malattia, un deterioramento più o meno grave della qualità di vita del paziente.
L’alta prevalenza nei Labrador Retriever sia per la cataratta ereditaria, sia per quella secondaria a PRA, dimostra quanto questa razza sia predisposta allo sviluppo delle oculopatie su base ereditaria. Tuttavia, all'interno della popolazione canina oggetto dello studio, la prevalenza della cataratta primaria di tipo ereditario e della cataratta secondaria a PRA, ha messo in luce come nel cane il problema delle oculopatie ereditarie possa ormai coinvolgere anche i soggetti meticci.
Oltre alla cataratta ereditaria e alla cataratta secondaria a PRA, nel nostro studio, in ordine di frequenza sono state riportate la cataratta senile, la cataratta congenita e la cataratta diabetica. La cataratta traumatica e quella secondaria ad uveite sono state le due forme patologiche meno rappresentate in questo studio.
Il riscontro di una considerevole percentuale di cataratta ad eziologia dubbia ha evidenziato alcuni ostacoli nella determinazione eziologica di alcune forme della patologia, specialmente se aggravata dalla concomitante presenza di ulteriori affezioni oculari.
A causa, inoltre, dell'assenza di dati clinici e anamnestici di alcuni pazienti, della mancata esecuzione di esami specialistici complementari, della pregressa condizione clinica e della mancata presentazione alle visite successive di alcuni soggetti, non è stato possibile confermare in alcuni casi le diagnosi presuntive.
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