Asse II (distretto di Wolfenbüttel, Sud-Est della Bassa Sassonia) Il deposito fu ricavato in una
BIBLIOGRAFIA DEL CAPITOLO 4.
5. STATO DELL’ARTE SULLA SOLUZIONE DELLE PROBLEMATICHE TECNICHE NELLO SMALTIMENTO DI RIFIUTI RADIOATTIVI IN DEPOSITI GEOLOGICI.
5.10 Le incertezze nelle diverse fasi del processo di autorizzazione
Nel corso del processo di autorizzazione alla costruzione di un deposito geologico profondo di rifiuti radioattivi la conoscenza sulle questioni tecniche sul sito indagato dovrebbe generalmente migliorare con il tempo e anche l'impatto sulla sicurezza delle incertezze nelle questioni tecniche dovrebbe essere maggiormente compreso nel tempo. Tuttavia, problemi tecnici inaspettati possono sorgere in qualsiasi momento nell'ambito delle indagini un sito attuale e nella progettazione di un concetto di smaltimento proposto.
Le incertezze non necessariamente diminuiscono con l'aumentare delle informazioni raccolte. C'è una tendenza per le organizzazioni scientifiche che interpretano i dati a dare maggior peso a
incognite conosciute piuttosto che a sconosciute incognite. Cioè, c'é una tendenza generale a
interpretare le incertezze sui dati acquisiti, mentre la mancanza d’informazioni è semplicemente ignorata.
137 Le incertezze associate con i problemi tecnici di qualsiasi programma per la realizzazione di un deposito dipenderanno dall'ambiente geologico, dal concetto di smaltimento e dal progetto del deposito.
Le attività per individuare i tipi di incertezze che potrebbero essere plausibilmente risolte in ogni fase di un processo di caratterizzazione del sito e che possono essere intraprese per risolvere queste incertezze sono:
attività preliminari, tra cui:
o definizione del concetto generale di smaltimento e delle specifiche del safety case: o pianificazione d’indagini sitologiche;
o pianificazione e sostegno di programmi di ricerca e di progettazione;
o sviluppo di uno o più concetti di smaltimento come varianti al progetto principale; • indagini sul sito a livello di superficie, tra cui:
o caratterizzazione dei siti sufficiente per consentire la pianificazione e la costruzione di strutture interrate;
o sufficiente fiducia in casi di sicurezza in fase di sviluppo per giustificare l’adeguatezza delle operazioni sotterranee;
o la creazione di reti di monitoraggio;
• indagini da condurre nei laboratori sotterranei (URL) sul sito, tra cui: o verifica delle indagini di superficie;
o studi ulteriori che richiedono operazioni su larga scala di roccia in profondità, in particolare la risoluzione di incertezze sulle interazioni tra scavi e geosfera (EDZ, risaturazione);
o sviluppo e miglioramento dei concetti, delle tecniche e delle strategie di costruzione e di disposizione;
o acquisizione dei dati di monitoraggio per confermare la comprensione dell'impatto del deposito sul sistema geosfera nel suo complesso a partire dai dati delle indagini di superficie;
138
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