Hvhufl}lr 41

(1)

Vrox}lrql ghoor vfulwwr gho 4: jlxjqr 4<<<

Hvhufl}lr 41

3

C

4

D/ edvh ghoo*lppdjlqh=

;?

= 3 C

4 D c

3 C

4 D

<@

>/ edvh gho qx0 fohr=

;?

= 3 C f

4 D

<@ 3 >

C f

f 4

D/ udqjr@ ', lpsrvvleloh$', s³E ' B 3

C

4 D

3 C

++ 4 D '

3 C

4

D flrë s³E '

;?

= 3 C

++ 4

D frq + uhdoh1

<@

>

Hvhufl}lr 51

3

C f

f

& f 4 D

ghwhuplqdqwh @ & 1 Dxwrydorul= c ₂n₂s

ED e&c ₂₂s

ED e&/

srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr= f f& n 2f n &

Vh oh vrox}lrql vrqr uhdol Eflrë & D*e h glvwlqwh od pdwulfh ë gldjr0 qdol}}deloh1

Xq fdvr gd glvfxwhuh ë=

₂ n ₂s

ED e& ' / ', i& ' j pd od pdwulfh ë vlpphwulfd h txlqgl gldjrqdol}}deloh1

Xq dowur fdvr gd glvfxwhuh ë txdqgr lo glvfulplqdqwh ë qxoor/ flrë & ' D*e Doorud od pdwulfh glyhqwd3

C f

f

D*e f 4

D frq dxwryhwwrul

;?

= 3 C 2

2 4 D

<@

>' ₂c

;?

= 3 C

f 4 D

<@

>' /h dxwrydorul= c ₂c ₂

h txlqgl od pdwulfh qrq ë gldjrqdol}}deloh shufkë *2 qrq ë uhjr0 oduh1

Hvhufl}lr 61

4

(2)

O*xqlfr dxwrydoruh srvvleloh gl ë or }hur1 Vh ë gldjrqdol}}deloh +h

??/ or }hur ghyh hvvhuh xq dxwrydoruh uhjroduh h/ hvvhqgr o*xqlfr dxwrydoruh/

od glphqvlrqh gho vxr dxwrvsd}lr ghyh hvvhuh ?1 Txhvwr yxroh gluh fkh lo qxfohr gl kd glphqvlrqh ?/ flrë lo udqjr gl ë }hur +shu lo whruhpd ghooh glphqvlrql,1

Hvhufl}lr 71

Shu rwwhqhuh xqd irupd gldjrqdoh/ edvwd rvvhuyduh fkh od pdwulfh gdwd kd udqjr 41 Doorud od glphqvlrqh gho qxfohr ë e1 Txhvwr vljqlfd fkh }hur ë dxwrydoruh frq prowhsolflwã e1 Xq dowur dxwrydoruh ë 2D frq dxwryhwwruh Ec c c c h prowhsolflwã

3 EE EE C

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

4 FF FF D

3 EE EE C

4 FF FF D'

3 EE EE C

2D2D 2D2D 2D

4 FF FF D' 2D

3 EE EE C

4 FF FF D

Vlffrph od vrppd ghooh prowhsolflwã ghyh hvvhuh Dc vl vfrsuh fkh qrq fl srvvrqr hvvhuh dowul dxwrydorul h fkh od prowhsolflwã ghoo*dxwrydoruh }hur ë ec h txhood ghoo*dxwrydoruh 2D ë 1

+Frq xq sõ gl frqwl vl srwhyd wuryduh lo phghvlpr ulvxowdwr fdofrodqgr lo srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr fkh ë= f^Dn 2Df^e,1

Vlffrph od glphqvlrqh ghoo*dxwrvsd}lr ghoo*dxwrydoruh }hur ë ec h od gl0 phqvlrqh ghoo*dxwrvsd}lr ghoo*dxwrydoruh 2D ë c wxwwl jol dxwrydorul vrqr uhjrodul h od pdwulfh ë gldjrqdol}}deloh1

Xqd irupd gldjrqdoh ë txlqgl =+ oh pdwulfl gldjrqdol}}dqwl qrq hudqr ulfklhvwh=,

3 EE EE C

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

4 FF FF D'

3 EE EE C

_D _D 2

_D _D f f f

eD

D f f

eD

D f

eD

D

4 FF FF D

3 EE EE C

f f f f f f 2D f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f

4 FF FF D

3 EE EE C

e

f

f f f

Hvhufl}lr q18

H* xq vlvwhpd gl e htxd}lrql h e lqfrjqlwh1

5

(3)

Od pdwulfh gho vlvwhpd ë G 3 EE C

2 2

f f

f & 4 FF

D fkh kd udqjr shu

& 9' h udqjr 2 shu & '

Od pdwulfh frpsohwd ë=

3 EE C

2 2 &

2 2 f

f f f

f & f 4 FF

D fkh kd udqjr shu

& ' f h & ' h udqjr e qhjol dowul fdvl1

Doorud= shu & ' f lo vlvwhpd ë ulvroxeloh frq 4 vrox}lrql/ phqwuh shu

& 9' f qrq ë ulvroxeloh1

Hvhufl}lr 91

' Ec c ' Ec fc ' Efc c 2

L ' rR@? ic j / T ' rR@? ic c j Pd L ' T shufkë '

H/ lqrowuh/ _4 L ' 2 shufkë h vrqr lqglshqghqwl1

Doorud L _ T ' L h L n T ' L h txlqgl wxwwl h gxh kdqqr glphqvlrqh 2 +Vl qrwl fkh/ lqidwwl/ _4EL n T ' _4 L n _4 T _4EL _ T ' 2 n 2 2 ' 2 ,

Shu wuryduh od uhwwd edvwd wuryduh xq yhwwruh ruwrjrqdoh d h d G shu hvhpslr Ec 2c 1

Od uhwwd ë/ doorud/ o ' E%c +c 5 ' Efc c 2 n |Ec 2 frq | sdudphwur uhdoh1

6