Hvhufl}lr 4

(1)

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Hvhufl}lr 4

Od pdwulfh ë=

' 3

C f

2 f

f 2 4 D

edvh lppdjlqh=

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= 3 C

ff 4 D c

3 C f

f 4 D c

3 C f

f 4 D

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>/edvh gho qxfohr= >

dxwryhwwrul h fruulvsrqghqwl dxwrydorul==

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= 3 C

ns

n 2

4 D

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ns c

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= 3 C

s

n 2

4 D

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> ' sc

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= 3 C f

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> ' 2/ srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr= fn ef² 2f e ' Ef 2 Ef² 2f 2

Vlvwhpd olqhduh ²E ' e =txhvwd ë o*htxd}lrql djol dxwrydorul gl

² / qho fdvr gl dxwrydoruh e +fkh ë sursulr lo txdgudwr ghoo*dxwrydoruh 2 gl

,1 Qh vhjxh/ vhq}d frqwl/ fkh lo vlvwhpd ë ulvroxeloh/ h or vsd}lr ghooh vrox}lrql +fkh ë o*dxwrvsd}lr ghoo*dxwrydoruh e, kd glphqvlrqh xqr +lqidwwl wxwwl jol dxwrydorul gl h gl ²vrqr glvwlqwl h txlqgl jol dxwrvsd}l kdqqr glphqvlrqh xqr,1

Vlvwhpd olqhduh ²E ' H =txhvwd ë o*htxd}lrql djol dxwrydorul gl

²/ pd H qrq ë dxwrydoruh +shufkë qrq ë lo txdgudwr gl xq dxwrydoruh gl

, shu fxl lo vlvwhpd kd frph xqlfd vrox}lrqh od vrox}lrqh qxood1

Hvhufl}lr q15

O*lqwhuvh}lrqh vl rwwlhqh gdo vlvwhpd=

% n + n 5 ' f

% + ' f

oh vrox}lrql vrqr l yhwwrul gho wlsr ' 3

C %

2%% 4

D shu fxl o*htxd}lrqh sdudphwulfd ë o ' |Ec c 2

Shu wuryduh L vl ghyrqr wuryduh gxh yhwwrul lqglshqghqwl h ruwrjrqdol d

Shu hvhpslr ' Ec c f h ' Efc 2c L ë doorud rR@? ic j 4

(2)

Od pdwulfh ghood dssolfd}lrqh olqhduh ghyh dyhuh gxh frorqqh xjxdol dl yhwwrul h +frvï vldpr fhuwl fkh kd frph lppdjlqh lo orur rR@? flrë sursulr L,1 O*dowud frorqqd vl ghwhuplqd lpsrqhqgr fkh od pdwulfh dssolfdwd d gld f G

3

C f @

2 K f S

4 D

3 C

2 4 D '

3 C f

ff 4 D

= flrë 3

C 2@

2K

2S 4 D '

3 C f

ff 4

D shu fxl= @ ' *2c K ' *2c S ' *2

Od pdwulfh ulfklhvwd ë/ doorud=

3

C f *2

2 *2 f *2

4 D

Hvhufl}lr q16

Vld ' b > vlffrph ² ' vl kd= ² ' b² h ² ' ' b

Qh vhjxh fkh b²nb ' f +qrwduh fkh ë xq dxwryhwwruh h txlqgl qrq ë qxoor,1 Txlqgl l srvvlelol dxwrydorul srvvrqr hvvhuh vror f h

ë gldjrqdol}}deloh/ shufkë vh & ë od glphqvlrqh gho qxfohr/ ' ? &

ghyh hvvhuh od glphqvlrqh ghoo*lppdjlqh +shu lo whruhpd ghooh glphqvlrql,1 Lqrowuh/ lo qxfohr ë o*dxwrvsd}lr ghoo*dxwrydoruh b ' f +Tf,/ phqwuh o*lppdjlqh ë o*dxwrvsd}lr ghoo*dxwrydoruh b ' +Edvwd qrwduh fkh/ vh 5 W4Ec

' flrë ' ² ' ' h txlqgl 5 T₃c ylfhyhuvd/ vh

5 T3c ' flrë ' ' E h txlqgl vl vfulyh frph frq

'

Lo whruhpd ghooh glphqvlrql fl glfh doorud fkh=

-^?' geo W4E ' Tf T3

fkh ë sursulr od frqgl}lrqh gl gldjrqdol}}delolwã1 +Qdwxudophqwh txhvwd irupxod frpsuhqgh dqfkh l fdvl hvwuhpl lq fxl ' f rssxuh ' U,1

5