Hvhufl}lr 41

(1)

Vrox}lrql ghoor vfulwwr gho 5; pdu}r 5333

Hvhufl}lr 41

Od pdwulfh ghl frh!flhqwl ë=

3

C

&

&² &² 4 D

fkh kd ghwhuplqdqwh &nn&&²1 L sureohpl gl ulvroxelolwã gho vlvwhpd srvvrqr vrujhuh vror txdqgr txhvwd pdwulfh kd udqjr xjxdoh d xqr rssxuh gxh1 Txhvwr dffdgh/ ulvshwwlydphqwh/

vh & ' n r Od pdwulfh frpsohwdwd ë = 3

C

&

&² &²

f f

4 D

fkh kd udqjr xjxdoh d gxh shu & ' h xjxdoh d wuh shu & ' +Edvwd frqwduh oh frorqqh lqglshqghqwl,1

Ulfdslwrodqgr/ shu & ' lo vlvwhpd qrq ë ulvroxeloh/ phqwuh shu & 9' lo vlvwhpd ë ulvroxeloh h kd 4?SJ}?|e3o@?}J' 4³ ' 4^f vrox}lrql1

Hvhufl}lr 51

Od pdwulfh dvvrfldwd ë=

3

C f *2 f

2 f f

f *2 4 D

frq ghwhuplqdqwh @ 1 Txlqgl od pdwulfh ë lqyhuwleloh h txlqgl lo qxfohr ë lo vror yhwwruh qxoor1 O*lppdjlqh ë jhqhudwd gdooh frorqqh lqglshqghqwl ghood pdwulfh > hvvhqgrfl wuh frorqqh lqglshqghqwl/ o*lppdjlqh ë wxwwr F Lo vlvwhpd

3

C f *2 f

2 f f

f *2 4 D

3 C %

+5 4 D '

3 C

f 4 D kd txlqgl xqd vrox}lrqh xqlfd=

3 C %

+5 4 D '

3 C *2

2 4

D Doorud= s³Een e₂ ' ₂e n 2e₂ e Lo srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr ë REb ' bnb²nb Jol dxwrydorul glvwlqwl vrqr h jol dxwryhwwrul lqglshqghqwl vrqr vror gxh=

;?

= 3 C 2

e 4 D

<@

> ' c

;?

= 3 C f

f 4 D

<@

> ' G od pdwulfh qrq ë gldjrqdol}}deloh1

4

(2)

Hvhufl}lr 61

L srvvlelol dxwrydorul vrqr rwwhqxwl gdoo*htxd}lrqh REb ' b n b² n 2&b 2& ' f

Udffrjolhqgr b² h 2& vl rwwlhqh= Eb n Eb² 2& ' f > gd fxl b ' cs

2&c s

2& Od pdwulfh ë fhuwdphqwh gldjrqdol}}deloh vh jol dxwrydorul vrqr wxwwl glvwlqwl +ryyldphqwh srwuheeh hvvhuh gldjrqdol}}deloh dqfkh vh qrq irvvh frvï/ pd/ qrq vdshqgr dowuh frvh vxood pdwulfh/ qrq srvvldpr gluh/ frq fhuwh}}d/ qxood, flrë vh & 9' fc *2

Vh & ' f / deeldpr fkh b ' f kd prowhsolflwã dojheulfd gxh/ shufkë dssduh gxh yrowh frph vrox}lrqh1 Doorud od pdwulfh/ vh kd udqjr xjxdoh d xqr/ ë fhuwdphqwh gldjrqdol}}deloh +shufkë lq txhvwr fdvr od glphqvlrqh gho qxfohr ë dqfk*hvvd xjxdoh d gxh,1 Phqwuh vh kd udqjr xjxdoh d gxh/ qrq or ë +shufkë lq txhvwr fdvr od glphqvlrqh gho qxfohr ë xjxdoh d xqr,1 Hvhpslr=

3

C f f f f f f f f

4

D ë gldjrqdol}}deloh/ phqwuh 3

C f f f f f f f

4

D qrq ë gldjrqdol}}deloh h kdqqr or vwhvvr srolqrplr fdudwwhulvwlfr REb ' bn b²

Hvhufl}lr 71

Edvwd wuryduh gxh yhwwrul lqglshqghqwl h ruwrjrqdol do yhwwruh Ec c dg hvhpslr Ec c f h Efc c

Lo sldqr ë doorud= Z ' |Ec c f n rEfc c Holplqdqgr | h r vl rwwlhqh= % + 5 ' f

Hvhufl}lr 81

Od pdwulfh fhufdwd ghyh dyhuh udqjr 5/ shufkë lo vxr qxfohr ghyh dyhuh/ shu lsrwhvl/

glphqvlrqh xqr1

Gxh vxh frorqqh vrqr l yhwwrul fkh jhqhudqr lo sldqr +frvï vldpr fhuwl fkh o*lppdjlqh frqwhqjd or vsd}lr gd orur jhqhudwr/ flrë lo sldqr,1 Doorud srvvldpr fhufduh xqd pdwulfh ghood irupd=

3

C f @

K f S

4 D

Gryh od frorqqd lqfrjqlwd ë ghwhuplqdwd gdood frqgl}lrqh=

3

C f @

K f S

4 D

3 C

4 D '

3

C n @

2 n K

n S 4 D '

3 C f

ff 4 D

Vl rwwlhqh= @ ' c K ' 2c S ' Shu fxl od pdwulfh fhufdwd ë=

3

C f

2 f

4 D

5