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Hvhufl}lr q14
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h Efc c
Lo sldqr ulfklhvwr ë txlqgl I|2 Ec c f n Ir2 Efc c
Hvhufl}lr 5
Od pdwulfh ghood dssolfd}lrqh olqhduh kd frph frorqqh l yhwwrul fkh jhqhu0 dqr lo sldqr +lqidwwl o*lppdjlqh ë jhqhudwd gdooh frorqqh lqglshqghqwl1 Phqwuh od uhvwdqwh frorqqd ghyh hvvhuh ghwhuplqdwd gdoo*dowud frqgl}lrqh=
3
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= 3 C
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3
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Txlqgl s3E ' >
Hvhufl}lr q18
Od pdwulfh gho vlvwhpd ë=
3
C
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Shu & ' kd udqjr 2 Shu & ' kd udqjr 2
Od pdwulfh frpsohwd ë 3
C
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3
C f f f f f f
4
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f
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f
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udqn=
Txlqgl shu & ' f lo vlvwhpd kd 4 vrox}lrql1 Shu & ' lo vlvwhpd qrq kd vrox}lrql1 Shu & 9' fc lo vlvwhpd kd 4 vrox}lrqh1
Vh vl yxroh od vrox}lrqh txdqgr lo vlvwhpd qh dpphwwh xqd vrod 1111 3
C % +5
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33
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3 EC
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ff 4 D ' 3
C 2&32
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5
Hvhufl}lr q19
Edvwd frqvlghuduh l sulpl 7 yhwwrul/ shufkë jol dowul gxh glshqgrqr gdo whu}r h gdo txduwr$
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3
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D/ udqn= Txlqgl kd 4 vrox}lrql flrë od glphqvlrqh gl L _ T e Xqd edvh vl kd ulvroyhqgr lo vlvwhpd +dghvvr qrq kr yrjold gl vfulyhuor h ulvroyhuor11111, Ulshqvdqgrfl/ edvwd rvvhuyduh fkh ' n2 txlqgl vwd qhfhvvduld0 phqwh vld lq T fkh lq L / txlqgl vwd lq L _T h/ hvvhqgr od glphqvlrqh 4/
qh frvwlwxlvfh od edvh1 Wuryduh od glphqvlrqh gl L n T Elvrjqd wuryduh txdqwl yhwwrul vrqr lqglshqghqwl wud l 7 1 Vl vfulyh txlqgl od pdwulfh=
3
C f
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D/ udqn= Txlqgl od glphqvlrqh fhufdwd ë 61 Xqd edvh vrqr 6 frorqqh lqglshqghqwl1
6