Prof. dr. Matteo Colleoni Prof. dr. Frank Moulaert Supervisor:

Urban sprawl as an outcome of multi-scalar territorial governance processes of land bargaining in the Barcelona and Milan Metropolitan regions

Sofia Pagliarin

Prof. dr. Matteo Colleoni Prof. dr. Frank Moulaert Supervisor:

Supervisor:

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH URBAN AND LOCAL EUROPEAN STUDIES (URBEUR) Via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi, 8 - U7 Building 20126 MILAN, ITALY ph. +39 02 6448 7431 s.pagliarin@campus.unimib.it http://www.sociologia.unimib.it/

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE AND SOCIETY DIVISION, RESEARCH GROUP PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT Kasteelpark Arenberg 1 bus 2431 B-3001 HEVERLEE, BELGIUM ph. + 32 16 32 1336 sofia.pagliarin@asro.kuleuven.be www.asro.kuleuven.be

S ofia P agliarin TERRIT ORIAL DISPERSION P AT TERNS OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS. No vemb er 2014

November 2014

TERRITORIAL DISPERSION PATTERNS OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS

UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO BICOCCA DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH URBAN AND LOCAL EUROPEAN STUDIES

XXVI Edition

KU LEUVEN

ARENBERG DOCTORAL SCHOOL

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE

h1__AhP_AG .AaS1_aAPL Shh1_La P6 _1aA.1LhAG _1aX

l`#M bT`rH b M Qmi+QK2 Q7 KmHiBĜb+H` i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q@

+2bb2b Q7 HM/ #`;BMBM; BM i?2 "`+2HQM M/ JBHM K2i`QTQHBiM `2@

;BQMbX

h2``BiQ`BH /BbT2`bBQM Tii2`Mb Q7 `2bB/2MiBH `2bX

l`#M bT`rH b M Qmi+QK2 Q7 KmHiBĜb+H` i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b Q7 HM/ #`;BMBM; BM i?2 "`+2HQM M/ JBHM K2i`QTQHBiM

`2;BQMbX

 DQBMi /Q+iQ`H /BTHQK #2ir22M, U*Q@imiQ`b?BTV

lMBp2`bBi` /2;HB bim/B JBHMQ "B+Q++- AiHv .2T`iK2Mi Q7 aQ+BH a+B2M+2b M/ _2b2`+?

S`Q;`KK2 BM l`#M M/ GQ+H 1m`QT2M aim/B2b Ul_"1l_V

Ei?QHB2F2 lMBp2`bBi2Bi G2mp2M- "2H;BmK 6+mHiv Q7 1M;BM22`BM; a+B2M+2

.2T`iK2Mi Q7 `+?Bi2+im`2- l`#M .2bB;M M/ _2;BQMH SHMMBM;

S?. *M/B/i2, aQ} S:GA_AL

amT2`pBbQ`b,

S`Q7X /`X Jii2Q *QHH2QMB U"B+Q++ lMBp2`bBiv Q7 JBHMV S`Q7X /`X 6`MF JQmH2`i UEi?QHB2F2 lMBp2`bBi2Bi G2mp2MV J2K#2`b Q7 i?2 CQBMi S?. .BTHQK 1tKBMiBQM *QKKBii22, S`Q7X /`X J`BbQH aQH2// :`+´B *#2x U"`+2HQM lMBp2`bBivV S`Q7X 2KX /`X >m#2`i :mHBM+F UEi?QHB2F2 lMBp2`bBi2Bi G2mp2MV S`Q7X /`X a2`2M oB+`B U"B+Q++ lMBp2`bBiv Q7 JBHMV

S`Q7X /`X Si`B+F qQHHMib UEi?QHB2F2 lMBp2`bBi2Bi G2mp2MV S`Q7X /`X SB2i2` oM /2M "`Q2+F UEi?QHB2F2 lMBp2`bBi2Bi G2mp2MV

.Bbb2`iiBQM T`2b2Mi2/ BM T`iBH 7mH}HK2Mi Q7 i?2 `2[mB`2K2Mib 7Q` i?2 S?. /2;`22 BM 1M;BM22`BM; a+B2M+2

LQp2K#2` kyR9

h?Bb rQ`F Bb HB+2Mb2/ mM/2` *`2iBp2 *QKKQMb

ii`B#miBQMĜLQM*QKK2`+BHĜLQ.2`BpiBp2b 9Xy AMi2`MiBQMHX

Ü kyR9 El G2mp2M- a+B2M+2- 1M;BM22`BM;  h2+?MQHQ;v lBi;2;2p2M BM 2B;2M #2?22`- aP6A S:GA_AL- oA*1Lw

HH2 `2+?i2M pQQ`#2?Qm/2MX LB2ib mBi /2x2 mBi;p2 K; rQ`/2M p2`K2MB;pmH/B;/ 2MfQ7 QT2M#` ;2KFi rQ`/2M /QQ` KB//2H pM /`mF- 7QiQFQTB2- KB+`Q}HK- 2H2Fi`QMBb+? Q7 QT r2HF2 M/2`2 rBDx2 QQF xQM/2` pQQ`7;M/2HBDF2 b+?`B7i2HBDF2 iQ2bi2KKBM; pM /2 mBi;2p2`X

HH `B;?ib `2b2`p2/X LQ T`i Q7 i?2 Tm#HB+iBQM Kv #2 `2T`Q/m+2/ BM Mv 7Q`K #v T`BMi- T?QiQT`BMi- KB+`Q}HK- 2H2+i`QMB+ Q` Mv Qi?2` K2Mb rBi?Qmi r`Bii2M T2`KBbbBQM 7`QK i?2 Tm#HBb?2`X

Aa"L Nd3ĜN9ĜNRe8ĜeyjĜj .fkyR9fRjy83fj

Ü h?2 +Qp2` BK;2 T?QiQ;`T? Bb iF2M 7`QK :QQ;H2 1`i?- *2`Mmb+Q bmH LpB;HBQ- JBHM-

AiHv- kyR9X

+FMQrH2/;K2Mib

M/ A bB/- KK ;QMM #mv vQm QmiX AǶK  `Q+Fbi` MQrX U"`M oM jyyy- _Q+F bi`- .Bb+QbBb- kyyR

q`BiBM;  S?. /Bbb2`iiBQM +M Q7i2M im`M Qmi iQ #2 [mBi2  /Bz2`2Mi +QM+2`M i?M r?i QM2

?/ T`2pBQmbHv i?Qm;?i Q7X A ?p2 H2`M2/ i?i  S?. i?2bBb- b 6`MF2Mbi2BM- ;2ib  T`QT2`

HB72 QM Bib QrM- r?B+? QM2 ?b iQ #2 #H2 iQ ++QKKQ/i2 M/ #`p2Hv MpB;i2 iQ i?2 2M/- rBi?  ;QQ/ /Qb2 Q7 Ub2H7VBKKQHiBQM M/ Ub2H7VB`QMv- iQ ;Bp2 Bi }MHHv b?T2 M/ +Q?2`2M+2X GQQFBM; #+F- A +MMQi +QM+2H i?i A rBb?2/ iQ ?p2 2tT2`B2M+2/  KQ`2 HBM2` 2pQHmiBQM Q7 Kv S?. /Bbb2`iiBQMc Km+? iBK2 ?b #22M bT2Mi BM bQHBim/2- rBb?BM; 7Q` #2ii2` r?2M A ?/

MQ +H2` bB;?i Q7 r?2`2 A rb ?2/2/ iQX

>Qr2p2`- BM i?Bb 7Qm` v2` HQM; T`Q+2bb A +M +QmMi b KMv /B{+mHiB2b b mM2tT2+i2/ `2@

r`/bX G2`MBM; M2r i?BM;b- K22iBM; M2r T2QTH2- i`p2HBM;- 2MDQvBM; M2r 2tT2`B2M+2b M/

i?2 biBb7+iBQM Q`B;BMiBM; 7`QK ?pBM; BM Kv ?M/b i?Bb 9yy T;2 /Bbb2`iiBQM `2 2H2K2Mib Q7  TvQz i?i rBHH ?`/Hv #2 T`HH2H2/X

AM T`iB+mH`- i?2 T2QTH2 i?i ++QKTMB2/ K2 HQM; i?Bb 2tT2`B2M+2 ?p2 #22M b BMpHm#H2

b /Bp2`b2X GBbiBM; M/ i?MFBM; i?2K HH rQmH/ #2 T`Q##Hv BKTQbbB#H2- ?Qr2p2` A rBb? iQ MK2 i H2bi bQK2 Q7 i?2KX

i "B+Q++ lMBp2`bBiv Q7 JBHM- A rMi iQ i?MF S`Q7X a2`2M oB+`B- 7Q` ?pBM; 2M+Qm`;2/

K2 iQ TB+F mT m`#M bT`rH b  `2b2`+? iQTB+ M/ 7Q` ?pBM; bi22`2/ Kv S?. /Bbb2`iiBQM rBi?  TQr2` i?i bi`2M;i?2M2/ Kv bTB`Bic S`Q7X Jii2Q *QHH2QMB- 7Q` ?pBM; `2KBM2/ rBi?

K2 i?`Qm;?Qmi i?Bb T`Q+2bb 2p2M r?2M Bi rb b?Fvc M/ S`Q7X J`BQ "Q{ M/ :BQpMMB S`Q+++B 7Q` i?2B` BM/BbT2Mb#H2 ?2HT rBi? `+:Aa

X A K HbQ ;`i27mH iQ J`BMM /ǶPpB/BQ 7Q` ?2` bmTTQ`i M/ ?2HTX A rQmH/ HbQ HBF2 iQ i?MF .QKBMB+ a+Qii 7Q` ?pBM; TiB2MiHv 2/Bi2/

i?Bb i?2bBb- T`Q72bbBQMHHv /TiBM; iQ Kv Q7i2M +?M;BM; iBK2 b+?2/mH2X

A rMi HbQ iQ i?MF H2bbB "BM+Q .QHBMQ- *KBHH "Q`;M- J`iBM *`HBMQ- GQ`Bb Jx@

x;iiB- aHpiQ`2 J`iB`2- M/ BM T`iB+mH` 1KMm2H ai`mzQHBMQ M/ Ab#2HH *Tm`bQ- 7Q`

?pBM; #22M i?2 #2bi S?. +QHH2;m2b QM2 +QmH/ 2p2` rBb? 7Q`- 2bT2+BHHv 7Q` T`Q7M2 /Bb+mb@

bBQMb #Qmi 2p2`vi?BM; M/ 7Q` T`B+2H2bb Hi2 MB;?i rQ`F #`2FbX

AM "`+2HQM- A rBb? iQ i?MF S`Q7X J`BbQH :`+´B 7Q` ?pBM; ?Qbi2/ K2 7Q` 7Qm` KQMi?b i i?2 .2T`iK2Mi Q7 aQ+BQHQ;B+H h?2Q`v i i?2 "`+2HQM lMBp2`bBiv Ul"V iQ +``v Qmi T`i Q7 Kv }2H/rQ`F- M/ 7Q` ?pBM; BMi2``mTi2/ ?2` ?QHB/vb iQ T`iB+BTi2 BM Kv T`2Ĝ/272Mb2 BM G2m@

p2MX A HbQ rMi iQ i?MF CQb´2 _K´QM J`´BM :BH- J2`+2/2b _2v- aQ7´B M/ ´Hp`Q- H2bbB

*bi`Q M/ i?2 Qi?2` rQM/2`7mH T2QTH2 i >- *`BbiBM aHm2˜M G;mM- 6BHBT JB`M/

SBMiQ- a` _Bmb K/Q M/ _K´QM "vQ 6``2H 7Q` ?pBM; r2H+QK2 K2 rBi? 2Mi?mbBbK 2p2`v iBK2 A +K2 #+F iQ "`+2HQMX

i Ei?QHB2F2 lMpB2`bBi2Bi G2mp2M- Kv KQbi bBM+2`2 i?MFb ;Q iQ S`Q7X 6`MF JQmH2`i- r?Q BMi`2TB/Hv ++QKTMB2/ K2 i?`Qm;? i?2 Km/ Q7 i?Bb S?. /Bbb2`iiBQMc Bi ?b #22M  ;`2i T`BpBH2;2 iQ rQ`F rBi? ?BK- M/ A K 2bT2+BHHv ;`i27mH 7Q` i?2 iBK2 ?2 bT2Mi `2/BM; Kv Ki2`BH BMbi2/ Q7 ?TTBHv rQ`FBM; QM ?Bb ;`/2M- 7Q` ?Bb TiB2M+2 M/ 2M+v+HQT2/B+ FMQrH@

2/;2X qBi?Qmi ?BK- i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM rQmH/ #2 ;`2iHv /Bz2`2MiX

AM G2mp2M- A HbQ i?MF S`Q7X >m#2`i :mHBM+F- 7Q` /2/B+iBM; bQK2 Q7 ?Bb T`2+BQmb `2@

iB`2K2Mi iBK2 iQ `2/BM; Kv rQ`F- M/ A HbQ rMi iQ i?MF Kv +QHH2;m2b i i?2 SHM@

MBM;.2p2HQTK2Mi /2T`iK2Mi- 2bT2+BHHv M;2HBFB SB/FFB- GQ`Bb a2`pBHHQ- SB2i2` oM /2M

"`Q2+F M/ S`i?BrB qB/viKB Smi`B UKvV, i?2B` QT2MM2bb M/ Mim`H 7`B2M/HBM2bb K/2

Kv iBK2 BM G2mp2M mMB[m2 M/ H2bb HQM2HvX A HbQ rMi iQ i?MF bQK2 Q7 i?2 bim/2Mib i?i b?`2/ rBi? K2 i?2 1m`QT2M aTiBH .2p2HQTK2Mi SHMMBM; JQ/mH2 U1a.SV- BM T`iB+m@

H` 1Fi2`BM lxmMQp- G2Bx2H qBHHBKb- hm˘;+2 aMHB M/ a2#biBM a#Q`BQ- i?2 Hii2` r?Q

?b #22M  ;`2i rQ`FKi2 M/ 7`B2M/ HbQ /m`BM; Qm` /p2Mim`2b QmibB/2 +/2KB- #Qi? BM S/m M/ BM G2mp2MX

A HbQ rBb? iQ i?MF 1KKMm2H `+?K#m/- 6`M+2b+ aQHKB- AH`B S`Qb/Q+BKB- CQ`Bb *mvi- E2M /`BMbb2Mb- aBHpB JBQH M/ 2bT2+BHHv H2tM/2` S`BMbB2`- 7Q` ?pBM; +[mBMi2/ Kvb2H7 rBi? "2H;BM +mHim`2 M/ "2H;BM #22`b- M/ 7Q` ?pBM; b?Qr2/ K2 i?2 i`2bm`2b Q7 "`mbb2Hb

M/ Mir2`T- M/ ?pBM; K/2 K2 722H H2bb QH/ #v THmM;BM; iQ;2i?2` BMiQ G2mp2MǶb bim/2MibǶ MB;?i HB72 i Pm/2 J`FiX Jv ;`i27mHM2bb ;Q2b HbQ iQ Gm+ >mK#H´2 M/ ?Bb 7KBHv 7Q` ?pBM;

QT2M2/ i?2 /QQ`b Q7 i?2B` ?Qmb2 r?2M A KQbi M22/2/ BiX

"+F iQ AiHv ;BM- A rQmH/ }MHHv HBF2 iQ i?MF Kv 7`B2M/b- MM JQb+QMB- *Hm/B wB;HBQiiQ- 1H2M h`2pBbM- 6`M+2b+ *2HBM- GQ`2/M _BxxiQ- SQH S`Bb2- SB2`Q "Q`B- i?2B` T`i@

M2`b- bQMb M/ /m;?i2`b- iQ ?p2 `2KBM/2/ K2 i?i ǵMQ`KHǶ HB72 Bb TQbbB#H2- 7i2` HH- M/

i?i Bi Bb p2`v MB+2 UM/ .pB/2 SQ`M`Q- SQHQ "2HHBM M/ aBKQM2 #BiMi2 iQ ?p2 `2KBM/2/

K2 i?i bm+?  HB72 +M biBHH rBi  #BiVX  r?QH2?2`i2/ i?MFb ;Q2b iQ S`Q7X aHpiQ`2 G

J2M/QH- r?Q Hrvb #2HB2p2/ BM K2 M/ BM Kv +T#BHBiB2b- M/ iQ J`i h2HiBM M/ i?2 T2QTH2 i _2K2/B- r?Q ;2M2`QmbHv ;p2 K2 i?2 HQbi 2M2`;v A M22/2/ iQ Km//H2 i?`Qm;? Kv i?2bBb mMiBH i?2 2M/X

 bT2+BH i?MFb ;Q2b iQ i?2 /KBMBbi`iBp2 biz i "B+Q++ M/ El G2mp2M- M/ 2bT2+BHHv iQ i?2 rQM/2` rQK2M G22M *mvT2`b- Jm` aHQQiK2F2`b M/ o2`QMB[m2 *Q`i2Mb- 7Q` i?2B`

2M/H2bb TiB2M+2 M/ T`QKTi +QHH#Q`iBQM iQ `2bTQM/ iQ Kv BMbBbi2Mi #m`2m+`iB+ /Qm#ibX Gbi #mi MQi H2bi- A rQmH/ bBM+2`2Hv HBF2 iQ i?MF Kv 7KBHv- *`BbiBM- oH2`BQ- H2bbBQ M/

MQMM J`B- 7Q` ?pBM; bmTTQ`i2/ K2 MQ Kii2` r?i BM i?Bb mM+2`iBM M/ 2t+BiBM; 2tT2@

`B2M+2- M/ Kv T`iM2`- `M;2H- 7Q` ?pBM; b?QrM K2 i`m2 HQp2 M/ z2+iBQM BM #2BM; rBi? K2 /m`BM; i?2 ?`/ M/ ;QQ/ iBK2b- M/ 7Q` ?pBM; `2bBHB2MiHv +QK7Q`i2/ K2 rBi? ?Bb `2HĜHB72

M/ UKQbi Q7 i?2 iBK2V aFvT2 T`2b2M+2 2p2`v /v Q7 i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQMX

b  i`m2 `Bi2 Q7 Tbb;2- Kv S?. /Bbb2`iiBQM Bb }MHHv b2iiH2/- Hi?Qm;? MQi mHiBKi2Hv-

7i2` ?pBM; 7+2/ i?2 +?HH2M;2b BM i?2 /`F 7Q`2bi M/ i?2 +QM7`QMiiBQMb rBi? i?2 iB;2`X A K +QMpBM+2/  /Bbb2`iiBQM Bb M QMĜ;QBM; T`Q+2bb- TQbbB#Hv M2p2`Ĝ2M/BM;X A K i?mb T2`@

bm/2/ i?i  S?. /Bbb2`iiBQM Bb KQ`2  #2;BMMBM; i?M M 2M/X

A /2/B+i2 i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM iQ Kvb2H7- M/ iQ i?2 T2`bQM A rBHH #2- iQ i?2 QTTQ`imMBiB2b i?i i?Bb 7Qm` v2` Ti? rBHH /Bb+HQb2- BM Q` Qmi Q7 +/2KB- M/ iQ i?2 7mim`2 i?i rBibX

bQ} TX- JQbbMQ- LQp2K#2` kyR9

#bi`+i

h?Bb `2b2`+? /2Hb rBi? i?2 i2``BiQ`BH /BbT2`bBQM Tii2`Mb BM i?2 2tTMbBQM Q7 `2bB/2MiBH

`2b- BX2X m`#M bT`rH- +QM+2Bp2/ b M Qmi+QK2 Q7 ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2bX

l`#M bT`rH- b  ivT2 Q7 HM/ mb2 i`Mb7Q`KiBQM- Q`B;BMi2b 7`QK i?2 /2+BbBQMb Qp2` HM/

KM;2K2Mi +``B2/ Qmi #v +2`iBM +iQ`bX M TT`QT`Bi2 i?2Q`2iB+H 7`K2rQ`F Bb T`QTQb2/-

M/ 2KTB`B+HHv BKTH2K2Mi2/- iQ MHvx2 +iQ`b am+? 2zQ`i Bb T`iB+mH`Hv `2H2pMi #2+mb2- BM i?2 BMi2`MiBQMH HBi2`im`2 QM m`#M bT`rH- TQHBiB+H M/ THMMBM; 7+iQ`b `2 QMHv HBKBi2/Hv 7Q+mb2/ QMX h?2 ii2KTi iQ //`2bb i?Bb H+mM Bb T2`7Q`K2/ #v +QK#BMBM;  i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` M/ KmHiBĜ+iQ` ;Qp2`MM+2 T2`@

bT2+iBp2 rBi? i?2 #`;BMBM; +QMi2ti KQ/2HX

l`#M bT`rH Bb /2}M2/ b  T`2/QKBMMiHv `2bB/2MiBH T?2MQK2MQM- M/ irQ +b2 bim/B2b

`2 +QMbB/2`2/- MK2Hv i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM `2b Q7 "`+2HQM M/ JBHMX AM #Qi? +b2 bim/@

B2b- m`#M bT`rH Bb K2bm`2/ i?`Qm;? /Bz2`2Mi bTiBH b+H2b U/KBMBbi`iBp2 #QmM/`B2b- K2i`QTQHBiM /2HBKBiiBQMb- G`;2` l`#M wQM2b- l`#M JQ`T?QHQ;B+H wQM2b M/ Llha j H2p2H Q` T`QpBM+2bV 7Q`  T2`BQ/ Q7 TT`QtBKi2Hv 8y v2`b- 2KTHQvBM; #Qi? HQ+H /i- 7Q` i?2 RN8ybĜkyyyb iBK2bTM- M/ i?2 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` U*G*V bm`p2vb 7Q` RNNy- kyyy M/ kyyeX h?2 MHvbBb b?Qrb i?i i?2`2 ?b #22M  /2+2Mi`HBxiBQM Q7 m`#M 7mM+iBQMb UBM/mbi`B2b- b2`pB+2b- ?QmbBM;V BM #Qi? "`+2HQM M/ JBHM- 7+BHBii2/ #v i?2 ;`Qri? Q7 i`MbTQ`i BM7`b@

i`m+im`2b U?vTQi?2bBb RVX >Qr2p2`- 2pB/2M+2 ?b b?QrM i?i i?2 #mBHi@mT 7Q`Kb BM "`+2HQM

`2 H2bb i2``BiQ`BHHv /BbT2`b2/ BM i2`Kb Q7 `2bB/2MiBH `2b i?M BM i?2 +b2 Q7 JBHMX

h?`Qm;? i?2 MHvbBb Q7 /2KQ;`T?B+ /i URN3RĜkyRRV- /2KQ;`T?B+ /2Ĝ+QM+2Mi`iBQM T`Q@

+2bb2b 7`QK i?2 +Biv +2Mi2` iQ i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM `2b M/ `2;BQMb Q7 #Qi? +BiB2b ?p2 #22M B/2MiB}2/c ?Qr2p2`- BM i?2 "`+2HQM +b2 i?2 TQTmHiBQM `2KBMb KQ`2 +QM+2Mi`i2/- r?BH2 BM i?2 JBHM +b2 Bi Bb KQ`2 /BbT2`b2/X

"`+2HQM T`QpBM+2 Bb H2bb 7`;K2Mi2/ i?M JBHM, ?2M+2- BM ;2M2`H- H2bb /KBMBbi`iBp2 7`;@

K2MiiBQM UMmK#2` Q7 KmMB+BTHBiB2b T2` T`QpBM+2V +M #2  bm{+B2Mi +QM/BiBQM iQ Q#b2`p2  H2bb2` bTiBHHv /BbT2`b2/ Tii2`M Q7 `2bB/2MiBH `2bX

qBi? `2;`/ iQ ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b- i?2 MHvbBb Q7 [mHBiiBp2 /i UBMi2`pB2rb- /Q+mK2Mib

M/ THMMBM; `2;mHiBQMbV `2p2Hb i?i KmMB+BTHBiB2b Ui?2 HQ+H b+H2V ?QH/ i?2 rB/2` +QKT2@

i2M+2b Qp2` HQ+H m`#M THMMBM; U?vTQi?2bBb kVX qBi?BM i?2B` `2HiBp2 K2i`QTQHBiM `2- HQ+H

;Qp2`MK2Mib iF2 HQ+HBx2/ THMMBM; /2+BbBQMb Qp2` m`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi BM Q`/2` iQ +QKT2i2 7Q` ii`+iBM; `2bQm`+2b b +QKT`2/ iQ i?2 /D+2Mi KmMB+BTHBiB2b U?vTQi?2bBb jVX >2M+2- m`#M bT`rH +QMbBbib Q7 HM/ mb2 KB+`QĜi`Mb7Q`KiBQMb +``B2/ Qmi #v HQ+H mi?Q`BiB2b iQ Q#iBM  +QKT2iBiBp2 2/;2 rBi? `2;`/ iQ i?2 Qi?2` KmMB+BTHBiB2b HQ+i2/ rBi?BM i?2 K2i`Q@

TQHBiM #QmM/`B2bX

h?2 /Bz2`2Mi i2``BiQ`BH /BbT2`bBQM Tii2`Mb Q7 `2bB/2MiBH `2b Q#b2`p2/ BM "`+2HQM M/

JBHM `2 2tTHBM2/ #v i?2 /2+BbBp2 `QH2 i?i i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM M/ `2;BQMH ;Qp2`MK2Mib THvU2/V rBi? `2;`/ iQ HM/ KM;2K2MiX 6`QK i?2 T2`7Q`K2/ MHvbBb Bi +M #2 +QM+Hm/2/

i?i- 7Q` m`#M bT`rH +QMiBMK2Mi- MQi QMHv i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM b+H2 Bb `2H2pMi U?vTQi?2bBb 9V- #mi BM im`M i?2 +QQT2`iBQM #2ir22M +iQ`b i i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM M/ `2;BQMH mi?Q`BiB2b Bb +`m+BHX AM T`iB+mH`- i?2 T`2/QKBMMi TQbBiBQM Q7 i?2 `2;BQMH ;Qp2`MK2Mi Bb F2v 7Q` HM/

+QMiBMK2MiX

aQKK`BQ

Zm2bi `B+2`+ i`ii /2B T`Q+2bbB /B /BbT2`bBQM2 i2``BiQ`BH2 M2HHǶ2bTMbBQM2 /2HH2 `22 `2bB/2M@

xBHB- /2}MBiB +QK2 bT`rH m`#MQX AM T`iB+QH`2- [m2biǶmHiBKQ `2 +QM+2TBiQ +QK2 mM T`Q/QiiQ /B T`Q+2bbB /B ;Qp2`MM+2X

G /BbT2`bBQM2 m`#M- BMi2b +QK2 mM iBTQ /B i`b7Q`KxBQM2 /B mbB /2H bmQHQ- ? Q`B;BM2 M2HH2 /2+BbBQMB /B /2i2`KBMiB iiQ`B bmHH ;2biBQM2 2 HǶHHQ+xBQM2 /2;HB mbB /2H bmQHQX L2H i2MiiBpQ [mBM/B /B bTB2;`2 BH p2`B}+`bB /2HHQ bT`rH m`#MQ +Qb`B BMi2bQ- `2 M2+2bb`BQ T`QTQ``2- 2/ T@

THB+`2 2KTB`B+K2Mi2- mM B/QM2Q KQ/2HHQ i2Q`B+QX Zm2biQ b7Q`xQ MHBiB+Q `2 T`iB+QH`K2Mi2

`BH2pMi2 BM [mMiQ- M2HH H2ii2`im` BMi2`MxBQMH2 bmHHQ bT`rH m`#MQ- H2 +QM/BxBQMB TQHBiB+?2 2 /B TBMB}+xBQM2- MQM+?´2 H2 /BMKB+?2 i` iiQ`B Tm##HB+B 2 T`BpiB- MQM bQMQ bBbi2KiB+@

K2Mi2 2bKBMi2X AM [m2bi `B+2`+- bB T`QTQM2 mMQ b+?2K i2Q`B+Q T2` +QHK`2 [m2bi H+mM- BH [mH2 `2 +QKTQbiQ / /m2 /Bp2`b2 +QM+2xBQMB /B ;Qp2`MM+2, / mM T`i2- mM T`QbT2iiBp

i2``BiQ`BH2- ǵKmHiBĜb+H`2Ƕ 2 ǵKmHiBĜiiQ`2Ƕ- 2 /HHǶHi`- BH KQ/2HHQ ǵ#`;BMBM; +QMi2tiǶX G /BbT2`bBQM2 m`#M `2 /2}MBi +QK2 mM 72MQK2MQ T`2pH2Mi2K2Mi2 `2HiBpQ HHǶ 2bTMbBQM2 /2HH2 `22 `2bB/2MxBHB- 2 H2 `2;BQMB K2i`QTQHBiM2 /B "`+2HHQM 2 JBHMQ bQMQ +QMbB/2`i2 +QK2 +bB bim/BQX S2` 2Mi`K#2- HQ bT`rH m`#MQ `2 KBbm`iQ BM 2ii`B bmHH #b2 /B mM b2`B2 /B b+H2 bTxBHB U+QM}MB KKBMBbi`iBpB- `22 2 `2;BQMB K2i`QTQHBiM2- G`;2` l`#M wQM2b- l`#M JQ`T?QHQ;B+H wQM2b- 2 B HBp2HHB Llhaj Q T`QpBM+2V HmM;Q mM T2`BQ/Q /B +B`+ 8y MMB- miBHBxxM/Q bB /2HH2 #M+?2 /iB HQ+HB T2` Q;MB +bQ bim/BQ +QMbB/2`iQ URN8yĜkyyyV- bB H

#M+ /iB *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` U*G*V T2` BH RNNy- kyyy 2 kyyeX

GǶMHBbB +QM/Qii KQbi` +?2- bB T2` "`+2HHQM +?2 T2` JBHMQ- bQMQ pp2MmiB T`Q+2bbB /B /2@

+2Mi`HBxxxBQM2 /2HH2 7mMxBQMB m`#M2 Ĝ BM/mbi`B2 2 b2`pBxB- `2bB/2Mx2 Ĝ- 7+BHBiiB /HH +`2b+Bi

`2HiBp /2HH2 BM7`bi`miim`2 /B i`bTQ`iQ UBTQi2bB RVX hmiipB- BH +bQ /B "`+2HHQM T`2b2Mi

mM /BbT2`bBQM2 m`#M /2HH2 `22 `2bB/2MxBHB TB`m +QMi2Mmi `BbT2iiQ H +bQ /B JBHMQX GǶMHBbB /B /iB /2KQ;`}+B URN3RĜkyRRV ? K2bbQ BM Hm+2 /2B T`Q+2bbB /B /2+2Mi`HBxxxBQM2 /2HH TQTQHxBQM2- +?2 bB `2 `B/Bbi`B#mBi HHǶBMi2`MQ /2HH2 `2;BQMB K2i`QTQHBiM2 /B 2Mi`K#B B +bB bim/BQX hmiipB- HǶMHBbB +QKT`iBp ? `2bQ 2pB/2Mi2 mM K;;BQ` +QM+2Mi`xBQM2 /2KQ;`}+ M2H +bQ /B "`+2HHQM `BbT2iiQ H +bQ /B JBHMQ- `BbT2++?BM/QM2 H KBMQ` /Bb@

T2`bBQM2 i2``BiQ`BH2 /2HH2 `22 `2bB/2MxBHBX

GǶMHBbB ? M+?2 2pB/2MxBiQ +?2 BH KBMQ` ;`/Q /B 7`KK2MixBQM2 KKBMBbi`iBp UMmK2`Q /2B +QKmMB T2` T`QpBM+BV `2 mM +QM/BxBQM2 bm{+B2Mi2 T2` BH TB`m `B/QiiQ KMB72bi`bB /2HHQ bT`rH m`#MQc H T`QpBM+B /B "`+2HHQM- K2MQ 7`KK2Mii KKBMBbi`iBpK2Mi2- T`2b2Mi

[mBM/B M+?2 K2MQ `22 `2bB/2MxBHB /BbT2`b2 `BbT2iiQ HH TB`m 7`KK2Mii T`QpBM+B /B JB@

HMQX

S2` [mMiQ +QM+2`M2 H2 /BMKB+?2 2/ B T`Q+2bbB /B ;Qp2`MM+2- HǶMHBbB ? `Bp2HiQ +?2- BM 2Mi`K#B B +bB bim/BQ +QMbB/2`iB- B +QKmMB UH b+H HQ+H2V TQbbB2/QMQ H K;;BQ`2 miQ`Bi`

/B /2+BbBQM2 bmHH2 bi`i2;B2 /B bpBHmTTQ m`#MQ UBTQi2bB kVX L2H +QKT2i2`2 +QM ;HB Hi`B +QKmMB m#B+iB HHǶBMi2`MQ /2HHǶ`2 K2i`QTQHBiM- B +QKmMB K2iiQMQ BM iiQ /2HH2 /2+BbBQMB  7Q`i2 +`ii2`2 HQ+H2 T2` [mMiQ `B;m`/ H2 b+2Hi2 /B bpBHmTTQ m`#MQ UBTQi2bB jVX G /BbT2`bBQM2 m`#M `2 /mM[m2 BH `BbmHiiQ /B KB+`QĜi`b7Q`KxBQMB /2;HB mbB /2H bmQHQ- +QKTBmi2 /HH2 ;BmMi2 +QKmMHB +QM HQ b+QTQ /B Qii2M2`2 mM pMi;;BQ +QKT`iBpQ `BbT2iiQ ;HB Hi`B +QKmMB ǵ+QM@

+Q``2MiBǶ HQ+HBxxiB M2H `;;BQ /2HHǶ`2 K2i`QTQHBiMX

A /m2 /Bp2`bB KQ/2HHB /B /BbT2`bBQM2 i2``BiQ`BH2 /2HH2 `22 `2bB/2MxBHB Qbb2`piB  "`+2HHQM-

`2HiBpK2Mi2 TB`m +QKTii- 2 JBHMQ- `2HiBpK2Mi2 TB`m /BbT2`b- TQbbQMQ 2bb2`2 bTB2;iB /H `mQHQ /2+BbBpQ +?2 H2 BbiBimxBQMB Tm##HB+?2 bpQH;QMQ  HBp2HHQ K2i`QTQHBiMQ 2 `2;BQMH2

`BbT2iiQ HH2 bi`i2;B2 i2``BiQ`BHBX .HHǶMHBbB +QM/Qii bB Tm`Q +QM+Hm/2`2 +?2- B }MB /2H +QM@

i2MBK2MiQ /2H +QMbmKQ /B bmQHQ- 2/ BM bT2+B}+Q /2HHQ bT`rH m`#MQ- MQM bQHiMiQ BH `mQHQ

/2HH2 BbiBimxBQMB  HBp2HHQ K2i`QTQHBiMQ `2 `BH2pMi2 UBTQi2bB 9V- K M+?2 H2 /BMKB+?2 /B +Q@

QT2`xBQM2 +?2 [m2bi2 TQbbQMQ BMbim``2 +QM BH ;Qp2`MQ `2;BQMH2 bQMQ /2i2`KBMMiB M2HH2

bi`i2;B2 i2``BiQ`BHBX AM bT2+B}+Q- H `2H2 TQbbB#BHBi` /2H ;Qp2`MQ `2;BQMH2 /B BM+B/2`2 bmHH2

b+2Hi2 /B bpBHmTTQ i2``BiQ`BH2 2 HQ+H2 `2 +`m+BH2 T2` +QMi2M2`2 HǶ2K2`;2`2 /2HHQ bT`rH m`#MQX

aK2MpiiBM;

.Bi QM/2`xQ2F #2?M/2Hi /2 Ti`QM2M pM i2``BiQ`BH2 bT`2B/BM; BM /2 mBi#`2B/BM; pM `2b@

B/2MiB¨2H2 ;2#B2/2M- QQF r2H bm#m`#MBbiB2 Q7 mBiFQKbi pM

am#m`#MBbiB2- Hb 22M ivT2 pM HM/;2#`mBFbi`Mb7Q`KiB2- FQKi pQQ`i mBi #2bHBbbBM;2M Qp2`

;`QM/#2?22` xQHb mBi;2pQ2`/ /QQ` bT2+B}2F2 +iQ`2MX >2i QM/2`xQ2F bi2Hi 22M i?2Q`2iBb+?

F/2` pQQ` /i 2KTB`Bb+? rQ`/i QM/2`#Qmr/- QK /2 ;Qp2`MM+2 /vMKB2F BM ;`QM/#2?22`

i2 MHvb2`2MX .Bi r2`F Bb BM ?2i #BDxQM/2` #2HM;`BDF QK/i BM /2 BMi2`MiBQMH2 HBi2`imm`

Qp2` bm#m`#MBbiB2- TQHBiB2F2 7+iQ`2M 2M THMMBM;b7+iQ`2M r2BMB; rQ`/2M #2?M/2H/X .2x2 H+mM2 rQ`/i M;2TFi /QQ` 22M i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+HB` 2M KmHiBĜ+iQ` ;Qp2`MM+2 T2`@

bT2+iB27 i2 +QK#BM2`2M K2i 22M QM/2`?M/2HBM;b+QMi2ti U#`;BMBM; +QMi2tiV KQ/2HX

am#m`#MBbiB2 rQ`/i ;2/2}MB22`/ Hb 22M pQQ`MK2HBDF `2bB/2MiB22H 72MQK22M- K2i /2 K2@

i`QTQHBiM2 ;2#B2/2M pM "`+2HQM 2M JBHM Hb ir22 +b2 bim/B2bX AM /2x2 Hibi2 rQ`/i bm#m`#MBbiB2 ;2K2i2M QT p2`b+?BHH2M/2 b+?HMBp2mb U/KBMBbi`iB2p2 ;`2Mx2M- K2i`QTQ@

HBiM2 #2;`2MxBM;2M- ;`Qi2`2 bi2/2HBDF2 ;2#B2/2M- bi2/2HBDF2 KQ`7QHQ;Bb+?2 xQM2b 2M Llha j MBp2m Q7 T`QpBM+B2bV pQQ` 22M T2`BQ/2 pM QM;2p22` 8y D`X .`#BD rQ`/i ;2#`mBF ;2KFi pM xQr2H HQFH2 /i pQQ` /2 T2`BQ/2 RN8yĜkyyy 2M /2 *Q`BM2 HM/;2#`mBFbF`i U*G*V QT@

MK2b pQQ` RNNy- kyyy 2M kyyeX

.2 MHvb2 iQQMi 22M /2+2Mi`HBbiB2 pM bi2/2HBDF2 7mM+iB2b UBM/mbi`B2- /B2Mbi2M- ?mBbp2biBM;V BM "`+2HQM 2M JBHM- QM/2`bi2mM/ /QQ` /2 ;`Q2B pM i`MbTQ`iBM7`bi`m+im`2M U?vTQi?2b2 RVX LQ+?iMb iQQM/2 p`Q2;2` QM/2`xQ2F /i `2bB/2MiB bT`2B/ xBDM /M BM JBHMX

J2i #2?mHT pM 22M MHvb2 pM /2KQ;`}b+?2 /i URN3RĜkyRRV- r2`/2M BM #2B/2 bi2/2M T`Q@

+2bb2M pM /2KQ;`}b+?2 /2+QM+2Mi`iB2 pM ?2i bi/b+2Mi`mK M` K2i`QTQHBHiM2 ;2#B2/2M 2M `2;BQǶb ;2¨B/2MiB}+22`/X LQ+?iMb #HBD7i /2 #2pQHFBM; BM "`+2HQM K22` ;2+QM+2Mi`22`/- 2M BM JBHM rQ`/i xBD K22` p2`bT`2B/X .2 T`QpBM+B2 "`+2HQM Bb KBM/2` ;27`;K2Mi22`/ /M JBHM, #BD;2pQH; FM KBM/2` /KBMBbi`iB2p2 7`;K2MiiB2 UMiH ;2K22Mi2M T2` T`QpBM+B2V BM ?2i H;2K22M 22M pQH/Q2M/2 pQQ`r`/2 xBDM pQQ` KBM/2` `mBKi2HBDF2 p2`bT`2B/BM;X

qi #2i`27i /2 ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2M- rBDbi /2 MHvb2 pM FrHBiiB2p2 /i UBMi2`pB2rb- /Q+m@

K2Mi2M 2M THMMBM;`2;H2K2Mi2MV mBi /i ;2K22Mi2M U/2 HQFH2 b+?HV /2 H;2K2M2 #2pQ2;/?2@

/2M ?2##2M Qp2` HQFH2 bi2/2HBDF2 THMMBM; U?vTQi?2b2 kVX AM ?mM K2i`QTQHBiM2 ;2#B2/2M- M2K2M HQFH2 Qp2`?2/2M ;2HQFHBb22`/2 THMMBM;b#2bHBbbBM;2M Qp2` bi2/2HBDF2 QMirBFF2HBM;- 2M +QM+m``2`2M K2i M#m`B;2 ;2K22Mi2M QK ?2i Mi`2FF2M pM BMFQKbi2M U?vTQi?2b2 jVX am#@

m`#MBbiB2 #2bii #BD;2pQH; mBi KB+`Qi`Mb7Q`KiB2b BM HM/;2#`mBF- mBi;2pQ2`/ /QQ` HQFH2 Qp2`?2/2M- QK 22M +QKT2iBiB27 pQQ`/22H i2 p2`F`BD;2M BM p2`;2HBDFBM; K2i /2 M/2`2 ;2K22Mi2M BM ?2i K2i`QTQHBiM ;2#B2/X

.2 p2`b+?BHH2M/2 i2``BiQ`BH2 bT`2B/BM;bTi`QM2M pM `2bB/2MiB¨2H2 ;2#B2/2M r`;2MQK2M BM

"`+2HQM 2M JBHM rQ`/2M p2`FH`/ /QQ` /2 #2bHBbb2M/2 `QH /B2 /2 K2i`QTQHBiM2 2M `2@

;BQMH2 Qp2`?2/2M bT2H2M 2M bT22H/2M BM ;`QM/#2?22`X lBi /2 MHvb2 FM ;2+QM+Hm/22`/

rQ`/2M /i pQQ` ?2i #2?22`b2M pM bm#m`#MBbiB2 MB2i HH22M /2 K2i`QTQHBiM2 b+?H `2H@

2pMi Bb U?vTQi?2b2 9V- K` /i QQF /2 bK2Mr2`FBM; imbb2M +iQ`2M QT /2 K2i`QTQHBiM2

2M `2;BQMH2 Qp2`?2/2M +`m+BH BbX AM ?2i #BDxQM/2` /2 /QKBMMi2 TQbBiB2 pM /2 `2;BQMH2

Qp2`?2B/ Bb 2bb2MiB22H BM ?2i #2?22`b2M pM bm#m`#MBbiB2X

*QMi2Mib

GBbi Q7 };m`2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X BBB GBbi Q7 i#H2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Bp R AMi`Q/m+iBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R RXR l`#M bT`rH,  HM/ KM;2K2Mi Bbbm2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R RXRXR *b2 bim/B2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8 RXRXk _2b2`+? [m2biBQMb M/ ?vTQi?2b2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X e RXk _2b2`+? /2bB;M M/ i?2bBb QmiHBM2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 k .2}MBM; l`#M aT`rH X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rj kXR aT+2- bQ+B2iv M/ HM/ mb2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rj kXRXR h?2 7Q+mb QM HM/ mb2 M/ HM/ mb2 +?M;2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rd kXk GM/ mb2 +?M;2 M/ bm#m`#M ?QmbBM; X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ky kXj .2}MBM; m`#M bT`rH X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k8 kXjXR .2}MBiBQMb Q7 m`#M bT`rH BM i?2 1m`QT2M +QMi2ti X X X X X X X X X X X jy kX9 h?2 i2MbBQM #2ir22M i?2 +QKT+i M/ i?2 bT`rHBM; +Biv X X X X X X X X X X X X jN

kX9XR 1m`QT2M lMBQM M/ P1*. TQHB+B2b 7Q` i?2 +QKT+i M/

bmbiBM#H2 +Biv X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9k kX8 l`#M aT`rH,  T`QpBbBQMH- i?2Q`2iB+H /2}MBiBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 98 kXe amKK`v X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 93 j .`BpBM; 7+iQ`b iQr`/b m`#M bT`rH X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9N jXR 1tTHBMBM; m`#M bT`rH BM 1m`QT2M +BiB2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 9N jXRXR J+`QĜ2+QMQKB+ 7+iQ`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8k jXRXk JQ#BHBiv 7+iQ`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8j jXRXj aQ+BQĜ/2KQ;`T?B+ 7+iQ`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 88 jXRX9 *mHim`H 7+iQ`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8N jXRX8 JB+`QĜ2+QMQKB+ 7+iQ`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ek jXRXe :2Q;`T?B+H M/ m`#M 2MpB`QMK2Mi 7+iQ`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X e9 jXRXd SQHBiB+H M/ THMMBM; 7+iQ`b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X e8 jXRX3 AMi2`+iBQM #2ir22M 7+iQ`b z2+iBM; m`#M bT`rH X X X X X X X X X X X X eN jXk h?2 T`iB+mH` `QH2 Q7 ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b BM i?2 Q++m``2M+2

Q7 m`#M bT`rH X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dR jXj amKK`v X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X d8 9 l`#M bT`rH b M Qmi+QK2 Q7 i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b X X X X X X dd 9XR q?i Bb ;Qp2`MM+2\ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X d3 9Xk aii2Ĝ+2Mi2`2/ ;Qp2`MM+2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3j 9Xj h?2 2K2`;2M+2 Q7 i?2 KmHiBĜH2p2H ;Qp2`MM+2 TT`Q+? X X X X X X X X X X X X X 39 9X9 GQ+H M/ m`#M ;Qp2`MM+2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3N 9X8 h2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Nj

B

9Xe h?2 bi`i2;B+ `2HiBQMH TT`Q+? M/ K2iĜ;Qp2`MM+2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ne 9Xd  ǵ;Qp2`MM+2 biQ`vǶ 7Q` HM/ KM;2K2Mi rBi?  7Q+mb QM m`#M

TQHBiB+H +?QB+2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X N3 9XdXR 1Mi`2T`2M2m`BHBbK X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RyR 9XdXk l`#M `2;BK2 i?2Q`v X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ryk 9XdXj h?2 ;`Qri? K+?BM2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ry9 9XdX9 h?2 ǵK`F2iTH+2Ƕ M/ i?2 #`;BMBM; +QMi2ti KQ/2H X X X X X X X X X X X Ry8 9X3 GM/ KM;2K2Mi, +QK#BMBM; i?2 #`;BMBM; +QMi2ti KQ/2H rBi?

i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Ryd 9XN amKK`v X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRe 8 J2i?Q/b 7Q` 2KTB`B+H `2b2`+? X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRd 8XR _2b2`+? [m2biBQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRN 8Xk >vTQi?2b2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRN 8Xj _2b2`+? /2bB;M X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RkN

8XjXR h?2 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` U*G*V MQK2M+Him`2 7Q` M QT2`iBQMH

/2}MBiBQM Q7 m`#M bT`rH X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rjj 8XjXk h?2 HQ;B+ Q7 +b2 bim/B2b +QKT`BbQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rjd 8XjXj a2H2+iBQM Q7 i?2 irQ +b2 bim/B2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rj3 8XjX9 l`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi BM "`+2HQM M/ JBHM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R9N 8X9 h?2 T`Q#H2K Q7 m`#M b+H2 /2}MBiBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R8k 8X8 amKK`BxBM; TQbbB#H2 HBMFb #2ir22M KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 72im`2b M/

`2bB/2MiBH bT`rH T`+iB+2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R88 8Xe AMi2`pB2rb b  [mHBiiBp2 `2b2`+? K2i?Q/ X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rey 8Xd amKK`v X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ReR e h2``BiQ`BH /BbT2`bBQM Tii2`Mb BM "`+2HQM

M/ JBHM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rej eXR "`+2HQM M/ JBHM, +BiB2b- K2i`QTQHBiM `2b Q` m`#M bvbi2Kb\ X X X X X X X Rej eXk h2``BiQ`BH /BbT2`bBQM Tii2`Mb Q7 m`#M bT`rH BM "`+2HQM M/ JBHM

K2i`QTQHBiM `2;BQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Red eXkXR _2+2Mi ?BbiQ`B+H Tii2`Mb Q7 i2``BiQ`BH /BbT2`bBQM BM "`+2HQM M/ JBHM

K2i`QTQHBiM `2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Red eXkXk h?2 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` U*G*V /ib2i URNNy@kyyeV BMi2`b2+i2/ rBi?

"`+2HQM M/ JBHM /KBMBbi`iBp2 #QmM/`B2b- Glw- lJw M/

Llhaj X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R39 eXj amKK`v X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kyy d 1tTHBMBM; i2``BiQ`BH /BbT2`bBQM Tii2`Mb Q7 m`#M bT`rH BM "`+2HQM

M/ JBHM 7`QK  i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 T2`bT2+iBp2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X kyR dXR .2KQ;`T?v X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kyj dXk /KBMBbi`iBp2 7`;K2MiiBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kRR dXj SQbBiBQMBM; "`+2HQM M/ JBHM BM i?2 #`;BMBM; +QMi2ti KQ/2H

7`K2rQ`F M/ rBi?BM i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 /vMKB+b X X X X X X X X X X X X X kR8 dX9 1tTHBMBM; m`#M bT`rH b M Qmi+QK2 Q7 i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` M/

KmHiBĜ+iQ` ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b BM "`+2HQM M/ JBHM X X X X X X X X X X X X kke dX9XR  KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 bvbi2K, "`+2HQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kkd dX9Xk  KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 bvbi2K, JBHM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k8N dX9Xj  `272`2M+2 i#H2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kNk 3 .Bb+mbbBQM M/ +QM+HmbBQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kN8

BB

3XR *QM+HmbBQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kN8 3Xk .Bb+mbbBQM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jyd 3Xj *QKT`iBp2 bi`2M;i?b M/ b?Q`i+QKBM;b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jRk 3X9 SQHB+v `2+QKK2M/iBQMb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jRj 3X8 am;;2biBQMb 7Q` 7m`i?2` `2b2`+? X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jR8

TT2M/B+2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jRN

 h?2 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` RNNy- kyyy M/ kyye bm`p2vb X X X X X X X X X X X X jkR

" *b2 bim/B2b b2H2+iBQM 7Q` +QKT`iBp2 MHvbBb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jkd

"XR h?2 b2H2+iBQM Q7 "`+2HQM M/ JBHM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jjN

"Xk GQ+H /ib2ib 7Q` "`+2HQM M/ JBHM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j9R

* a+H2 /2}MBiBQM, +Biv M/ K2i`QTQHBiM #QmM/`B2b X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j9j

*XyXR G`;2` l`#M wQM2b UGlwV X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j9j

*XyXk l`#M JQ`T?QHQ;B+H wQM2b UlJwV X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j98 . AMi2`pB2rb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j9d

.XR JTb b T?QiQĜbiBKmHB 7Q` BMi2`pB2rb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j8e

"B#HBQ;`T?v X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jeR

GBbi Q7 6B;m`2b

RXR _2b2`+? QmiHBM2 ~Qr+?`iX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RR jXR JBM /`Bp2`b iQr`/b m`#M bT`rHX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8y jXk .2 .2+F2`Ƕb UkyRRV MHviB+H KQ/2H Q7 ?QmbBM; Tii2`Mb BM i?2B` ?BbiQ`B+H +QM@

i2tibX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X dk 9XR h?2 ǵ`2HiBp2 HQ+iBQMǶ Q7 ;Qp2`MM+2 TT`Q+?2bX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X NN 9Xk .Bz2`2Mi TT`Q+?2b iQ i?2 +QM+2Ti Q7 ǵ#`;BMBM;ǶX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RRR 9Xj h?2 F2v +QM+2Tib 2KTHQv2/ iQ 7Q`;2 i?2 +QM+2TimH 7`K2rQ`FX X X X X X X X X X RRk 9X9  i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` ?QmbBM; KQ/2HX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RR8 eXR /KBMBbi`iBp2 M/ K2i`QTQHBiM i2``BiQ`BH b+H2b Q7 "`+2HQM- AX X X X X X X X Ree eXk /KBMBbi`iBp2 M/ K2i`QTQHBiM i2``BiQ`BH b+H2b Q7 "`+2HQM- AAX X X X X X X Ree eXj /KBMBbi`iBp2 M/ K2i`QTQHBiM i2``BiQ`BH b+H2b Q7 JBHM- AX X X X X X X X X X Re3 eX9 /KBMBbi`iBp2 M/ K2i`QTQHBiM i2``BiQ`BH b+H2b Q7 JBHM- AAX X X X X X X X X X Re3 dXR _2bB/2MiBH `2ĜHQ+HBxiBQM BM "`+2HQM K2i`QTQHBiM `2;BQM M/ *iHQMB-

RNNeĜkyyRX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kye dXk *QK`[m2b Q7 i?2 *iHM _2;BQMX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k9R dXj *QK`[m2b Q7 i?2 "`+2HQM T`QpBM+2X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k9R dX9 h2``BiQ`BH TQH2b Q7 *iHQMBX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X k99 dX8 h2``BiQ`BH TQH2b Q7 i?2 "`+2HQM J2i`QTQHBiM _2;BQM U_J"VX X X X X X X X X k99

BBB

"XR M 2tKTH2 Q7 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` /i, :;;BMQ- JBHM- AiHvX X X X X X X X X jje

"Xk M 2tKTH2 Q7 .la6 /i, :;;BMQ- JBHM- AiHvX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jje .XR *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` /i U*G*V BM i?2 "`+2HQM `2X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j8N .Xk *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` /i U*G*V BM i?2 JBHM `2X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j8N .Xj JT Q7 "`+2HQM 2KTHQv2/ 7Q` i?2 BMi2`pB2rbX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jey .X9 JT Q7 JBHM 2KTHQv2/ 7Q` i?2 BMi2`pB2rbX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jey

GBbi Q7 h#H2b

kXR GM/ mb2b BM 1m`QT2 URXkkR Llha j H2p2HbV BM ?2+i`2b- *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2`

bm`p2vb RNNy- kyyy M/ kyyeX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kk kXk :`Qri? `i2 Q7 HM/ mb2b BM 1m`QT2 URXkkR Llha j H2p2HbV- *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2`

bm`p2vb RNNy- kyyy M/ kyyeX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kj 8XR h?2 +QMM2+iBQM #2ir22M i?2Q`v- `2b2`+? [m2biBQMb- ?vTQi?2b2b- K2i?Q/b M/

/iX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Rkd 8Xk AM/B+iQ`b 7Q` i?2 b2H2+iBQM Q7 i?2 +b2 bim/B2bX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R9k 8Xj 89 LlhaX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R99 8X9 h?2 i2``BiQ`BH b+H2b Q7 "`+2HQM M/ JBHM iF2M BMiQ +QMbB/2`iBQM BM i?Bb

/Bbb2`iiBQMX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R88 8X8 E2v /BK2MbBQMb 7Q` 2KTB`B+H `2b2`+?X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R8N eXR J" GM/ mb2b URN8eĜkyyeV 7Q` "`+2HQM KmMB+BTHBivX X X X X X X X X X X X X Rdj eXk GM/ mb2b URN8eĜkyyeV 7Q` i?2 "`+2HQM J2i`QTQHBiM `2 UJ"VX X X X X X Rd9 eXj GM/ mb2b URN8eĜkyyeV 7Q` i?2 "`+2HQM J2i`QTQHBiM _2;BQM U_J"VX X X X X Rd8 eX9 S`QTQ`iBQM Q7 /Bb+QMiBMmQmb `2bB/2MiBH `2b URN8eĜkyyeV 7Q` "`+2HQMX X X X Rde eX8 .la6 GM/ mb2b URN89ĜkyyNV 7Q` JBHM KmMB+BTHBivX X X X X X X X X X X X X X R3y eXe .la6 GM/ mb2b URN89ĜkyyNV 7Q` i?2 JBHM J2i`QTQHBiM `2X X X X X X X X R3R eXd .la6 GM/ mb2b URN89ĜkyyNV 7Q` i?2 JBHM M/ JQMx T`QpBM+2bX X X X X X X R3k eX3 S`QTQ`iBQM Q7 /Bb+QMiBMmQmb `2bB/2MiBH `2b URN8eĜkyyNV 7Q` JBHMX X X X X X X R3j eXN *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` +Hbb2b URNNyĜkyyeV BMi2`b2+i2/ rBi? "`+2HQM /KBMBbi`@

iBp2 #QmM/`B2bX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R3d eXRy *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` +Hbb2b URNNyĜkyyeV BMi2`b2+i2/ rBi? JBHM /KBMBbi`iBp2

#QmM/`B2bX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X R33 eXRR *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` +Hbb2b URNNyĜkyyeV BMi2`b2+i2/ rBi? "`+2HQM G`;2` l`@

#M wQM2b UGlwVX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RNy eXRk *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` +Hbb2b URNNyĜkyyeV BMi2`b2+i2/ rBi? JBHM G`;2` l`#M

wQM2b UGlwVX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RNR eXRj *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` +Hbb2b URNNyĜkyyeV BMi2`b2+i2/ rBi? "`+2HQM l`#M JQ`@

T?QHQ;B+H wQM2 UlJwVX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RNj eXR9 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` +Hbb2b URNNyĜkyyeV BMi2`b2+i2/ rBi? JBHM l`#M JQ`T?Q@

HQ;B+H wQM2 UlJwVX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X RN9 eXR8 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` +Hbb2b URNNyĜkyyeV 7Q` i?2 "`+2HQM T`QpBM+2 ULlhaj `2VXRNd eXRe *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` +Hbb2b URNNyĜkyyeV 7Q` i?2 JBHM T`QpBM+2 ULlhaj `2VX RN3 eXRd S`QTQ`iBQMb Q7 M2rHv #mBHiĜ mT `2b URNNyĜ kyyeV BM "`+2HQM M/ JBHMX X X RNN

Bp

dXR hQiH MmK#2` Q7 BM?#BiMib M/ TQTmHiBQM +?M;2 RN3RĜkyRR 7Q` "`+2HQMX ky9 dXk S`QTQ`iBQM Q7 BM?#BiMib Q7 "`+2HQM iQ i?2 TQTmHiBQM BM *iHQMB- RN3RĜkyRRXky9 dXj hQiH MmK#2` Q7 BM?#BiMib M/ TQTmHiBQM +?M;2 RN3RĜkyRR 7Q` JBHMX X X X ky3 dX9 S`QTQ`iBQM Q7 BM?#BiMib Q7 JBHM iQ i?2 TQTmHiBQM BM GQK#`/v- RN3RĜkyRRX ky3 dX8 JmMB+BTH bBx2b BM "`+2HQM M/ JBHM T`QpBM+2bX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kRj dXe 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RN3R M/

kyRR 7Q` GQK#`/vX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kR3 dXd 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RN3R M/

kyRR 7Q` i?2 JBHM T`QpBM+2X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kR3 dX3 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RN3R M/

kyRR 7Q` JBHM KmMB+BTHBivX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kR3 dXN 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RN3R M/

kyyR 7Q` JBHM K2i`QTQHBiM `2 USAJVX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kRN dXRy 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RNNR M/

kyRR 7Q` *iHQMBX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kkR dXRR 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RNNR M/

kyRR 7Q` i?2 "`+2HQM T`QpBM+2X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kkR dXRk 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RNNR M/

kyRR 7Q` i?2 "`+2HQM J2i`QTQHBiM _2;BQM U_J"VX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kkR dXRj 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RNNR M/

kyRR 7Q` i?2 "`+2HQM J2i`QTQHBiM `2 UJ"VX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kkk dXR9 1KTHQv2/ T2`bQMb U#bQHmi2 pHm2bV #v ;`M/ b2+iQ` #2ir22M v2`b RNNR M/

kyRR 7Q` "`+2HQM KmMB+BTHBivX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kkk dXR8 J2+?MBbKb M/ +iQ`b i i?2 K2bQ H2p2H Q7 HM/ KM;2K2Mi 7Q` bm#m`#M

?QmbBM; T`QpBbBQM BM i?2 "`+2HQM +b2X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X kk3 dXRe J2+?MBbKb M/ +iQ`b i i?2 K2bQ H2p2H Q7 HM/ KM;2K2Mi 7Q` bm#m`#M

?QmbBM; T`QpBbBQM BM i?2 JBHM +b2X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X key dXRd  `272`2M+2 i#H2 Q7 THMb M/ THMMBM; `2;mHiBQMb 7Q` "`+2HQM M/ JBHMX X kNj

XR *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` MQK2M+Him`2X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jk9

"XR *QKT`BbQM KQM; i?2 RNNy- kyyy M/ kyye *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` bm`p2vbX X X X jkN

"Xk AM/B+iQ`b 7Q` i?2 b2H2+iBQM Q7 i?2 +b2 bim/B2bX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jj9

"Xj 89 LlhaX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X jjd .XR GBbi Q7 BMi2`pB2r22bX X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X j8y X

p

pB

*?Ti2` R AMi`Q/m+iBQM

RXR l`#M bT`rH,  HM/ KM;2K2Mi Bbbm2

h?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM MHvx2b i?2 Tii2`Mb Q7 bTiBH /BbT2`bBQM Q++m``BM; BM i?2 2tTMbBQM Q7

`2bB/2MiBH `2b- BX2X m`#M bT`rH- +QM+2Bp2/ b M Qmi+QK2 Q7 ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b- i?`Qm;?

i?2 +QKT`iBp2 MHvbBb #2ir22M irQ aQmi?2`M 1m`QT2M K2i`QTQHBiM `2b- "`+2HQM M/

JBHMX h?2 BK Q7 i?Bb `2b2`+? Bb iQ bBM;H2 Qmi i?2 Tii2`Mb Q7 m`#M bT`rH BM i?2 1m`QT2M +QMi2ti- rBi?  7Q+mb QM "`+2HQM M/ JBHM- M/ iQ 2tTHBM bm+? Tii2`Mb Q7 m`#M bT`rH

#v +2Mi2`BM; QM i?2 BMi2`THv #2ir22M Tm#HB+ BMbiBimiBQMb M/ T`Bpi2 +iQ`b +QM+2`MBM; HM/

i`Mb7Q`KiBQMX AM i?Bb /Q+iQ`H `2b2`+?- bT`rH2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b `2 +QMbB/2`2/ iQ #2 M Qmi+QK2 Q7 K2/BiBQM T`Q+2bb2b KQM;  p`B2iv Q7 +iQ`b r?Q- i /Bz2`2Mi /KBMBbi`iBp2 H2p2Hb M/ rBi?BM +QKTH2t i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 b2iiBM;b- /2+B/2 QM i?2 HHQ+iBQM Q7 HM/

mb2bX

h?2 Q#D2+i Q7 BM[mB`v Q7 i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM +QMbBbib Q7 i?Qb2 ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b Tmi BMiQ T`+iB+2 #v  p`B2iv Q7 Tm#HB+ M/ T`Bpi2 +iQ`b H2/BM; iQ i?2 bm#m`#M HHQ+iBQM Q7 HM/-

M/ iQ i?2 /BbT2`b2/ bTiBH Q`;MBxiBQM Q7 `2bB/2MiBH `2b UBX2X m`#M bT`rHVX l`#M bT`rH Bb T`BK`BHv //`2bb2/ b  HM/ KM;2K2Mi Bbbm2- i?2`27Q`2  `2bmHi Q7 ;Qp2`MM+2 /vMKB+b

KQM; ;2Mib- r?Q +M #2 #mBH/2`b- HQ+H UKmMB+BTHV mi?Q`BiB2b- HM/QrM2`b- +BiBx2Mb- M/

T`QpBM+BH M/ `2;BQMH ;Qp2`MK2MibX h?2b2 /vMKB+b `2 MHvx2/ 7`QK M BMbiBimiBQMHBbi T2`bT2+iBp2 iQr`/b m`#M i`Mb7Q`KiBQM UGK#QQv M/ JQmH2`i- RNNeVX

*BiB2b `2 //`2bb2/ b HM/ mb2b bb2K#H;2bX GM/ mb2b `2 /2}M2/ b ǵi?2 Tm`TQb2b 7Q`

r?B+? ?mKMb 2tTHQBi i?2 HM/ +Qp2`Ƕ UGK#BM M/ :2Bbi- kyyec +7X :Mb- kyykc b22 HbQ b2+X kXRVX ǵGM/ +Qp2`Ƕ `2T`2b2Mib bQBH ii`B#mi2b U2X;X 7Q`2bib- +`QTHM/b- m`#MBx2/ `2bV- r?BH2 ǵHM/ mb2Ƕ 2tT`2bb2b i?2 7mM+iBQMb i?i i?Qb2 HM/ +Qp2`b 7mH}H 7Q` bQ+B2ivX GM/ +Qp2` +?M;2 +M #2 /BbiBM;mBb?2/ BMiQ irQ KBM T`Q+2bb2b UGK#BM M/ :2Bbi- kyyeV- MK2Hv,

RX HM/ +Qp2` i`Mb7Q`KiBQM- r?B+? Bb  T`Q+2bb i?i BMpQHp2b bm#biMiBH HM/ +?M;2 7`QK QM2 ivT2 Q7 HM/ +Qp2` iQ MQi?2`- 7Q` BMbiM+2 7`QK 7Q`2bib iQ ;`B+mHim`H `2b U2X;X /27Q`2biiBQMV- Q` 7`QK ;`B+mHim`H HM/ iQ m`#M HM/ UBX2X m`#M HM/ /2p2HQTK2MiVc

M/

kX HM/ +Qp2` KQ/B}+iBQMb- bm+? b iQ MQi?2` ;`B+mHim`H mb2 Q7 HM/ U2X;X 7`QK pBM2v`/b iQ `B+2 }2H/bV- Q` i?2 ǵ`2+v+HBM;Ƕ Q7 m`#MBx2/ HM/ U2X;X HM/ `2K2/BiBQM- m`#M BM}HHBM;-

#`QrM}2H/ /2p2HQTK2MiVX

AM ?mKMĜ /`Bp2M HM/ +Qp2` i`Mb7Q`KiBQMb Q` KQ/B}+iBQMb- HM/ +Qp2` Bb +?M;2/ iQ 7mH}H bT2+B}+ 7mM+iBQMb- bm+? b 7QQ/ T`Q/m+iBQM- ?QmbBM;- KQ#BHBiv U2X;X `Q/b M/ `BHrvbV- Q`

BM/mbi`BH T`Q/m+iBQM U2X;X 7+iQ`B2b- QBH 2ti`+iBQM- KBMBM;V- `2bmHiBM; 7`QK HM/ KM;2K2Mi

M/ HHQ+iBQM T`Q+2bb2bX

AM i?Bb `2b2`+?- HM/ Umb2V KM;2K2Mi M/ HHQ+iBQM `2 +QMbB/2`2/ b i?Qb2 #`Q/ T`Q@

R

+2bb2b i?`Qm;? r?B+?- BM +QMi2KTQ``v q2bi2`M bQ+B2iB2b- ?mKM b2iiH2K2Mib `2 2bi#HBb?2/- BM ;2M2`H pB TT`QT`Bi2 THMMBM; TT`imb2bX GM/ KM;2K2Mi M/ HHQ+iBQM `2 ivT2b Q7 ǵb2iiH2K2Mi KQ/2bǶ i?`Qm;? r?B+? bQ+B2iB2b iF2 TQbb2bbBQM Q7 M/ Q++mTv ǵbT+2Ƕ- +`2iBM;

?mKM 2MpB`QMK2Mib- i2``BiQ`B2b- TH+2b- +BiB2b M/ m`#M bvbi2Kb Ĝ bT+2 THMMBM; #2BM;  mMBp2`bHHv `2+Q;MBx#H2 Mi?`QTQHQ;B+H ǵiiBim/2Ƕ J;MB2` M/ _mbbQ Ukyyk- TXN3VX AM bvM@

i?2bBb- HM/ Umb2V KM;2K2Mi Bb i?2 T`Q+2bb i?`Qm;? r?B+? HM/ Umb2V HHQ+iBQM Bb bTiBHHv /2+B/2/X h?Bb- Q7 +Qm`b2- `Bb2b +QKTH2t KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 Bbbm2b

X

b rBHH #2 +H`B}2/ BM *?Ti2` k- M/ 2bT2+BHHv BM b2+iBQM kX8- HM/ KM;2K2Mi Ĝ rBi?  7Q+mb QM m`#M bT`rH Ĝ Bb +QKTQb2/ Q7 irQ /Bz2`2Mi bT2+ib- MK2Hv i?2 HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM T`Q+2bb M/ i?2 Q++bBQM2/ Tii2`MX GM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM T`Q+2bb2b `2 KmHiBTH2 M/ +QM+m`@

`2Mi- M/ bQ `2 i?2B` Qmi+QK2b- r?B+? BMi2`irBM2- // mT- Qp2`HT M/ +QMi`bi i /Bz2`2Mi iBK2bX h?2 m`#M 7Q`K `2bmHiBM; 7`QK HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM M/ HHQ+iBQM T`Q+2bb2b `2~2+ib-

Hi?Qm;? MQi 2MiB`2Hv-  b2i Q7 TQHBiB+H M/ 2+QMQKB+ K2/BiBQMb M/ /2+BbBQMb- r?B+? `2 2K#2//2/ BM bQ+BH M/ +mHim`H +QMi2tib M/ ?BbiQ`B+H i`D2+iQ`B2b- M/ r?B+? ?p2 TQHBiB+H- 2+QMQKB+- bQ+BH M/ +mHim`H +QMb2[m2M+2b UoB+`B >//Q+F- kyy9- TXdVX 6m`i?2`KQ`2- QM+2 HM/ Bb i`Mb7Q`K2/- HM/ mb2 +?M;2b `2 ;2M2`HHv B``2p2`bB#H2- 7Qbi2`BM; Ti?Ĝ/2T2M/2M+v T`Q+2bb2b i?i BM~m2M+2- 7Q` BMbiM+2- +Biv 7mM+iBQMBM;- rQ`FĜ`2bB/2M+2 KQ#BHBiv Tii2`Mb- [mHBiv Q7 HB72- i2``BiQ`BH 2+QMQKB+ bT2+BHBxiBQM M/ 7mim`2 /2p2HQTK2MiX

6`QK  bmbiBM#BHBiv T2`bT2+iBp2- QM2 +M 7`K2 M/ ǵ+?`;2Ƕ i?2b2 HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM T`Q@

+2bb2b rBi? +QM+2`Mb #Qmi /2TH2iBQM Q7 `2bQm`+2b- i?mb 2M#HBM; mb iQ `2MK2 HM/ U+Qp2` M/

mb2V +?M;2b b HM/ +QMbmKTiBQM T`Q+2bb2b

X h`Mb7Q`K2/ HM/ Bb KBMHv Q#iBM2/ 7`QK QT2M

M/ ;`B+mHim`H bQBHc i?2 1m`QT2M 1MpB`QMK2MiH ;2M+v `2TQ`ib i?i ;`B+mHim`H `2b `2 i?Qb2 HM/ +Qp2` ivT2b 2tT2`B2M+BM; i?2 H`;2bi T`i Q7 i`Mb7Q`KiBQM Q7 HM/ BMiQ m`#MBx2/

HM/ U#2ir22M kyyy M/ kyye- HKQbi 9eW Q7 HH `2b i?i r2`2 i`Mb7Q`K2/ BMiQ `iB}+BH bm`7+2b r2`2 `#H2 HM/ Q` T2`KM2Mi +`QTbV- 7QHHQr2/ #v Tbim`2b M/ KBt2/ +`QTHM/b UTT`QtBKi2Hv jkWV- #2BM; `2bB/2MiBH `2b M/ +QMbi`m+iBQM bBi2b i?2 KBM HM/ĜiF2`

U11 1m`QT2M 1MpB`QMK2MiH ;2M+v- kyRjVX GM/- b  HBKBi2/ `2bQm`+2- Bb +QMbmK2/-

?B;?HB;?iBM; i?2 biimb Q7 HM/ b  b+`+2 M/ BKKQ#BH2 `2bQm`+2 7Q` +BiB2bX Lim`H `2b

M/ T`Q/m+iBp2 ;`B+mHim`H HM/ `2 Q7i2M mMT`Qi2+i2/- #mi +QMbmK2/ iQ biBb7v  p`B2iv Q7 m`#M 7mM+iBQMb U2X;X ?QmbBM; Q` BM/mbi`BH `2b- Q` i`MbTQ`i BM7`bi`m+im`2bV- m`#M THM@

MBM; #2BM; ;2M2`HHv i?2 7Q`KH iQQH i?`Qm;? r?B+? i?Bb T`Q+2bb Bb bM+iBQM2/ UPr2Mb M/

*Qr2HH- kyyk- +?X RVX

h?2 +QMM2+iBQM Q7 m`#M bT`rH- b  ivT2 Q7 HM/ +QMbmKTiBQM- iQ i?2 m`#M bmbiBM#BHBiv /2#i2 M/ HM/ +QMbmKTiBQM Bb `2H2pMi BM i?2 1m`QT2M +QMi2ti #2+mb2 Q7 i?2 /BbiBM+iBp2 72im`2b i?i ?p2 ?BbiQ`B+HHv +?`+i2`Bx2/ 1m`QT2M +BiB2b- KQM; r?B+? m`#M +QKT+iBQM Bb  T`QKBM2Mi ii`B#mi2 UE2H#2 M/ .pB/- kyyyc G2 :H`2b- kyyk- +?XR M/ kc q2#2`- RN83c b22 HbQ i?2 BMi`Q/m+iBQM iQ b2+X kXjXR- M/ b2+X 8X9VX AM //BiBQM- BM +QMi`bi iQ i?2 la +QMi2ti r?2`2 i?2 i2`K m`#M bT`rH Q`B;BMi2/- 1m`QT2M K2i`QTQHBiM `2b `2 TQHv+2M@

R

h?2 i2`K ǵHM/ KM;2K2MiǶ Bb /Bz2`2MiHv 2KTHQv2/ ?2`2 i?M BM 2MpB`QMK2MiH b+B2M+2b- r?2`2 i?2 i2`K

;2M2`HHv `272`b iQ ǵHM/ ?M/HBM;Ƕ- BM r?B+? ǶHM/Ƕ `272`b 2bb2MiBHHv iQ i?2 mMb2H2/ T?vbB+H bm#bi`i2 Q7 HM/

mb2 UbQBH- iQTQ;`T?v- ri2`-XXXVX AM i?2 2MpB`QMK2MiH BMi2`T`2iiBQM- HM/ KM;2K2Mi BM+Hm/2b KBMHv Ƕ`m`H T`+iB+2bǶ bm+? b ;`B+mHim`2- TTHB+iBQM Q7 bQBH M/ ri2` +QMb2`piBQM i2+?MB[m2b- T`+iB+2b Q7 #BQ/Bp2`bBiv +QMb2`piBQM- 7Q`2bi`v- 2i+X UA i?MF S`Q7X >m#2`i :mHBM+F 7Q` i?2 mb27mH +QKK2Mib 7Q` i?2 BHHmbi`iBQM Q7 i?2 /2}MBiBQM Q7 HM/ KM;2K2Mi BM 2MpB`QMK2MiH b+B2M+2bVX AM +QMi`bi- BM i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM ǵHM/ KM;2K2MiǶ

`272`b iQ  `M;2 Q7 ;Qp2`MM+2 T`+iB+2b ?pBM; HM/ mb2 HHQ+iBQM b  `2bmHiX

k

6Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb QM HM/ +QMbmKTiBQM T`Q+2bb2b b `2HiBQMb?BT #2ir22M HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQMb M/ Um`#MV bmbiBM#BHBiv- b22 _22b M/ q+F2`M;2H URNNeV M/ q+F2`M;2H M/ uQmMi URNN3V 7Q` i?2 ǵ2+QHQ;B+H 7QQiT`BMiǶ /2#i2c L2rKM M/ E2MrQ`i?v URNNNV M/ uM`2HH M/ G2pBM2 URNNkV 7Q` bmbiBM#BHBiv M/ +BiB2bc M/

Pr2Mb M/ *Qr2HH UkyykV 7Q` i?2 `2HiBQMb?BT #2ir22M m`#M bmbiBM#BHBiv- HM/ M/ THMMBM;X

j

GM/ iF2 Bb /2}M2/ b ǵi?2 BM+`2b2 Q7 `iB}+BH bm`7+2b U?QmbBM; `2bc ;`22M m`#M `2bc BM/mbi`BH- +QKK2`+BH M/ i`MbTQ`i mMBibc `Q/ M/ `BH M2irQ`Fbc 2i+XV Qp2` iBK2Ƕ US`QFQT 2i HX- kyRR- TXR8VX

k

i`B+ bvbi2Kb- +?`+i2`Bx2/ #v bKHH M/ K2/BmK bBx2 iQrMbX >2M+2- 2p2M `2+Q;MBxBM; i?2 2tTMbBQM i`2M/b Q7 i?2 m`#M #mBHi 7Q`Kb Q++m``BM; BM i?2 1m`QT2M +BiB2b 7i2` i?2 a2+QM/

qQ`H/ q`- bm#m`#MBxiBQM T`Q+2bb2b Q++m``BM; BM 1m`QT2 `2 T`iB+mH`Hv 7b+BMiBM;- b /BbT2`b2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b `2 BM~m2M+2/ #v bT2+B}+ ?BbiQ`B+H 72im`2b `2T`2b2Mi2/ BM i?2 1m`QT2M m`#M bvbi2KbX

KQM; i?2 /Bz2`2Mi ivT2b Q7 HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM T`Q+2bb2b- i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM 7Q+mbb2b QM i?2 T`Q+2bb2b Q7 HM/ +Qp2` +?M;2 r?2`2 HM/ Bb /2p2HQT2/ BMiQ /BbT2`b2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b- HM/

#2BM; KBMHv Q#iBM2/ 7`QK QT2M M/ ;`B+mHim`H bQBH

X A KBMiBM i?i Bi Bb M2+2bb`v iQ [mHB7v ǵ`2bB/2MiBH `2bǶ b bm#m`#M ?QmbBM; `2b- /BbiBM;mBb?BM; rBi?BM `2bB/2MiBH m`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi #2ir22M  /BbT2`b2/ UQ` bT`rH2/V `2bB/2MiBH T`QpBbBQM M/  KQ`2 +QKT+i QM2X lM/2` i?Bb T2`bT2+iBp2- m`#M bT`rH TQb2b  T?2MQK2MQHQ;B+H ǵi?`2iǶ iQ i?2 i`/BiBQMH UM/ B/2H\V KQ/2H Q7 i?2 1m`QT2M +QKT+i +Biv- T`iB+mH`Hv BM iBK2b r?2M Bbbm2b QM m`#M bmbiBM#BHBiv M/ ;`B+mHim`H HM/ T`2b2`piBQM i i?2 1m`QT2M H2p2H m`;2 iQr`/b HM/

+QMiBMK2Mi

X

AM i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM- m`#M bT`rH Bb bbmK2/ iQ #2  bm#biMiBH HM/ +Qp2` i`Mb7Q`KiBQM 7`QK QT2M M/ ;`B+mHim`H HM/ BMiQ /BbT2`b2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b- rBi? HM/ #2BM; +QMbmK2/-

M/ MQi 2{+B2MiHv HHQ+i2/ UBX2X HM/ KM;2K2MiV- ++Q`/BM; iQ  HQrĜ/2MbBiv Tii2`M M/

HQM; i?2 m`#M 7`BM;2 UBX2X bm#m`#M ?QmbBM; Q` m`#M bT`rHVX

l`#M bT`rH-  i2`K r?B+? Q`B;BMi2/ BM i?2 la- +QK2b rBi? M #mM/M+2 Q7 /2}MBiBQMbX h?2 }`bi BKTQ`iMi bi2T BM i?2 MHvbBb T`2b2Mi2/ BM i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM Bb iQ /Bb+mbb bQK2 Q7 i?2 /Bz2`2Mi /2}MBiBQMb Q7 m`#M bT`rH BM 1m`QT2X h?2 BK Bb #Qi? iQ T`QTQb2  i2MiiBp2- i?2Q`2iB+H /2}MBiBQM Q7 i?2 T?2MQK2MQM Ub22 b2+X kX8V M/ HbQ M QT2`iBQMHBxiBQM Q7 bm+?  /2}MBiBQM iQ [mMiB7v Tii2`Mb Q7 m`#M bT`rH BM i?2 1m`QT2M +QMi2ti- M/ KQ`2 2ti2MbBp2Hv BM i?2 irQ +QMbB/2`2/ +b2 bim/B2b- "`+2HQM M/ JBHM Ub22 *?Ti2`b 8 M/ e-

M/ TT2M/B+2bVX

h?2 b2+QM/ bi2T- r?B+? +QMbBbib Q7 i?2 KBM BK Q7 i?Bb `2b2`+?- Bb iQ 2tTHBM i?2 bm`p2v2/

Tii2`Mb Q7 m`#M bT`rH #v +QMbB/2`BM; i?2K b ;Qp2`MM+2 Bbbm2b- M/  i?2 `2bmHi Q7 HM/

KM;2K2Mi ;Qp2`MM+2 /vMKB+bX AM i?2 HBi2`im`2- i?2`2 Bb  H`;2 p`B2iv Q7 7+iQ`b i?i

`2 +QMbB/2`2/ `2H2pMi /`BpBM; 7Q`+2b Q7 HM/ mb2 +?M;2 M/- bT2+B}+HHv- iQr`/b m`#M bT`rH- bm+? b ;HQ#HBxiBQM Q` ;HQ#H iQm`BbK UǵK+`QǶ 2+QMQKB+ 7+iQ`bV- i`MbTQ`i UKBMHv

`Q/bV BM7`bi`m+im`2- HM/ T`B+2b- HM/ `2Mi +`2iBQM M/ pHQ`BxiBQM- M/ HM/ mb2 i`Mb@

7Q`KiBQM T`2bbm`2b UǵKB+`QǶ 2+QMQKB+ 7+iQ`bV- H+F Q7 Q` r2F HM/ mb2 THMMBM; UTHMMBM;

7+iQ`bV- KmMB+BTH 7`;K2MiiBQM- H+F Q7 +QQ`/BMiBQM M/ +QKT2iBiBQM KQM; KmMB+BTHB@

iB2b UTQHBiB+H 7+iQ`bV U+7X *?Ti2` jVX SHMMBM; M/ TQHBiB+H 7+iQ`b `2 Q7i2M +QMbB/2`2/

BM/BpB/mHHv- rBi?Qmi 7m`i?2` /B;;BM; BMiQ i?2 HBMFb #2ir22M THMMBM; M/ TQHBiB+bX PM2 Q7 i?2

9

b Bb /Bb+mbb2/ BM *?Ti2` 8 M/ HbQ BM i?2 TT2M/Bt- BM i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM HM/ mb2 ~Qr MHvbBb Bb MQi +QMbB/2`2/- #mi HM/ mb2 ;`Qri? `i2b- K2bm`2/ b `2HiBp2 p`BiBQMb- `2 MHvx2/ M/ +QKT`2/ BMbi2/X

>Qr2p2`- A bbmK2 Ub22 b2+X kX9XRV i?i HM/ +Qp2` i`Mb7Q`KiBQM T`Q+2bb2b BMiQ m`#MBx2/ bQBH- T`2/QKBMMiHv

HHQ+i2/ iQ /BbT2`b2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b- KBMHv bi2K 7`QK QT2M M/ ;`B+mHim`H HM/ U2X;X `#H2 HM/- T2`KM2Mi +`QTb- Tbim`2b M/ KBt2/ +`QTHM/b- 11 1m`QT2M 1MpB`QMK2MiH ;2M+v- kyRjVX

8

h?2 i`Mbp2`bH /2#i2 QM m`#M bmbiBM#BHBiv- T2`BĜm`#M ;`B+mHim`H `2b M/ i?2B` TQi2MiBH- Hi?Qm;?

+QMi`Qp2`bBH- 7mM+iBQM b 7QQ/ T`Q/m+iBQM bBi2b 7Q` i?2 M2`#v +BiB2b Bb BM+`2bBM;Hv #2+QKBM;  T`QKBM2Mi Bbbm2 HbQ BM i?2 HBi2`im`2 +QM+2`MBM; m`#M bT`rH M/ HM/ +QMbmKTiBQMX >Qr2p2`- #v +FMQrH2/;BM;

i?i ;`B+mHim`2 ǵ?b #22M i?2 ;`2i2bi 7Q`+2 Q7 HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM QM i?Bb THM2iǶ- +mbBM; /27Q`2biiBQM U_KMFmiiv 2i HX- kyye- TXRkV- Q` i?2 7+i i?i ;`B+mHim`H T`Q/m+iBQM BM+`2bBM;Hv +QK2b 7`QK BMi2MbB}+iBQM

M/ MQi 2tTMbBQM UB#XV- +QmH/ HbQ TQb2  i?`2i 7Q` bmbiBM#BHBiv- b 7QQ/ T`Q/m+iBQM rQmH/ QmiT+2 HM/

T`Q/m+iBQM +T+BivX AM/22/- 7`K2`b rQ`FBM; BM K2i`QTQHBiM #QmM/`B2b Q` T2`BĜm`#M HM/b- bm#D2+i2/ iQ m`#M T`2bbm`2b 7Q` HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM 7Q` `2bB/2MiBH M/ BM/mbi`BH /2p2HQTK2Mi- +M BMi2MbB7v ;`B+mHim`H HM/ mb2 /DmbiBM; +`QT ivT2b iQ i?2 KQ`2 `2Mi#H2 m`#M 7QQ/ /2KM/b U:2Bbi 2i HX- kyyeVX am+? +QMbB/2`iBQMb

;Bp2 Dmbi  +Hm2 Q7 i?2 +QKTH2tBiB2b Q7 i?2 iQTB+ Q7 m`#M M/ T2`BĜm`#M ;`B+mHim`2- r?B+? Bb iM;2MiBH iQ i?2 7Q+mb /QTi2/ BM i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM- M/ r?B+? Bb H27i 7Q` TQbbB#H2 7mim`2 `2b2`+?X

j

KBM +QMi`B#miBQMb Q7 i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM Bb iQ MHvx2 m`#M bT`rH mM/2`  +Q?2`2Mi 7`K2rQ`F

++QmMiBM; 7Q` i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2- BM Q`/2` iQ 2tTHBM ?Qr HM/ HHQ+iBQM Bb /2+B/2/ M/

`2;mHi2/ 7Q` bm#m`#M `2bB/2MiBH mb2bX JmHiB@b+H`- KmHiBĜ+iQ` ;Qp2`MM+2 rBHH #2 mb2/ b

 7`K2 iQ #`BM; iQ;2i?2` i?2 /Bz2`2Mi THMMBM;- TQHB+v M/ Tm#HB+ M2;QiBiBQM Bbbm2b z2+iBM;

HM/ mb2 M/ i?2`27Q`2 bT`rH Tii2`MbX

AM i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM- m`#M bT`rH Bb 2tKBM2/ b KBMHv  `2bmHi Q7 ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b, i?2 Q#D2+i Q7 MHvbBb +QMbBbib Q7 i?2 7+iQ`b- THMMBM; T`+iB+2b M/ /2+BbBQMH T`Q+2bb2b i rQ`F- M/ 2M+i2/ #v  p`B2iv Q7 +iQ`b- r?B+? +mb2 m`#M bT`rHX b  ivT2 Q7 #mBHi 7Q`K U7Q`K m`#BbV- /BbT2`b2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b- r?B+? `2 T`2+Bb2Hv /2}M2/ M/ K2bm`2/ U+7X

*?Ti2` 8 M/ TT2M/B+2bV- `2 +QMbB/2`2/ b  bB;MB}+Mi Qmi+QK2 Q7 i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 T`Q+2bb2b- r?2`2 TQHBiB+H M/ 2+QMQKB+ ;2Mib `2 BMpQHp2/ i /Bz2`2Mi /KBMBbi`iBp2 H2p2Hb

M/ i2``BiQ`BH b+H2b iQ M2;QiBi2 QM HM/ HHQ+iBQM 7Q` bm#m`#M `2bB/2MiBH mb2bX

b  ivT2 Q7 HM/ mb2- m`#M bT`rH +M i?2`27Q`2 #2 2tTHBM2/ #v i?2 /2+BbBQMb QM HM/

HHQ+iBQM K/2 i /Bz2`2Mi i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 b+H2b UBX2X HM/ KM;2K2MiVX Sm#HB+

BMbiBimiBQMb i /Bz2`2Mi b+H2b Ĝ bmT`MiBQMH- MiBQMH- `2;BQMH- K2i`QTQHBiM- T`QpBM+BH Q` KmMB+BTH Ĝ `2 +QMbB/2`2/ iQ #2 +`m+BH +iQ`b BM HM/ KM;2K2Mi- b i?2v `2 2MiB@

iH2/ iQ T`QpB/2 i?2 M2+2bb`v `2;mHiBQMb M/ THMb 7Q` HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM M/ +i b i?2v BKTH2K2Mi2`b M/ +QMi`QHH2`bX JQ`2Qp2`- i?2 i?2Q`2iB+H /pMi;2 Q7 /QTiBM;  i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H`- BMbiBimiBQMHHv /Bp2`bB}2/ ;Qp2`MM+2 7`K2rQ`F U:mHBMB- kyyec C2bbQT- kyy8- kyyec C2bbQT 2i HX- kyy3V iQ 2tTHBM  i2``BiQ`BH T?2MQK2MQM `2bB/2b BM i?2 TQbbB#BHBiv Q7 BM@

+Hm/BM;  p`B2iv Q7 +iQ`b BM i?2 MHvbBb- BX2X T`Bpi2 M/ Tm#HB+ ;2Mib- r?Qb2 BMbiBimiBQMH

M/ BMi2`Ĝb+H` BMi2`+iBQM Bb bbmK2/ iQ #2 i?2 KBM /`BpBM; 7+iQ` 7Q` i?2 HHQ+iBQM Q7 HM/ mb2b rBi?BM  +2`iBM i2``BiQ`v Ub22 b2+X 9X3VX h?2 `272`2M+2 iQ i?2 ?QmbBM; KQ/2H b+?2K2 T`2b2Mi2/ #v .2 .2+F2` UkyRRV Bb F2v- b Bi Bb `2Ĝ2H#Q`i2/ iQ T`QTQb2  i?2Q`2iB+H KQ/2H iQ ++QmMi 7Q` i?2 i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` M/ KmHiBĜ+iQ` /vMKB+b BM i?2 Ki2`BH T`Q@

+2bb2b Q7 +QMbi`m+iBQM Q7 Ubm#m`#MV ?Qmb2bX AM T`iB+mH`- m`#M bT`rH- b  ivT2 Q7 HM/

mb2 i`Mb7Q`KiBQM- Bb bbmK2/ iQ Q`B;BMi2 7`QK +2`iBM +iQ`bǶ /2+BbBQMb Ui?2 ǵ;i2F22T2`bǶ- +7X .2 .2+F2`- kyRR- TXjkV QM HM/ KM;2K2Mi M/ HHQ+iBQM- r?Q `2 MHvx2/ rBi?BM

 i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 T2`bT2+iBp2X *H2` `272`2M+2 iQ S?H URNd87VǶb ǵbQ+BH

;i2F22T2`bǶ - i?i Bb i?Qb2 ǵr?Q ?2HT iQ /Bbi`B#mi2 M/ +QMi`QH m`#M `2bQm`+2bǶ US?H- RNd87- TX kyRV- Bb K/2 M/ /Bb+mbb2/ BM b2+iBQM jXkX

h?2 #`;BMBM; +QMi2ti KQ/2H T`QTQb2/ #v EMiQ` M/ apBi+? Ukyyk- kyy8V rBHH #2 2KTHQv2/

b M MHviB+H iQQH iQ +QM+2TimHBx2 +BiB2b b TQHBiB+H +iQ`b- M/ iQ ++QmMi 7Q` m`#M TQ@

HBiB+H +?QB+2b Qp2` HM/ /2p2HQTK2Mi Ub22 *?Ti2` 9VX h?2B` i?2Q`2iB+H 7`K2rQ`F HHQrb i?2

MHvbBb Q7 i?2 ǵKQp2bǶ +Biv ;Qp2`MK2Mib KF2 #v +QMbB/2`BM; i?2 2+QMQKB+- TQHBiB+H- bQ+BH

M/ +mHim`H +QMi2ti r?2`2 +BiB2b KF2 i?2B` +?QB+2b 7Q` /2p2HQTK2MiX h?2 #`;BMBM; KQ/2H 7Q+mbb2b QM i?2 `2bQm`+2b i?i  +Biv +M Qz2` iQ T`Bpi2 +iQ`b U2X;X T`Bpi2 +QKTMB2b- `2H 2bii2 ;2M+B2b- /2p2HQT2`bV iQ KtBKBx2 Bib /2p2HQTK2Mi QTTQ`imMBiB2b- r?B+? +M 2Bi?2` #2 Q`B2Mi2/ iQ THBM 2+QMQKB+ ;`Qri? UǵK`F2iĜ+2Mi2`2/ bi`i2;B2bǶV Q` `2bQm`+2 `2/Bbi`B#miBQM UǵbQ+BHHvĜ+2Mi2`2/ bi`i2;B2bǶV- Q` Mv Qi?2` bi`i2;v KBtX hQ 2tTHBM p`BiBQMb KQM; q2bi@

2`M +BiB2b rBi? `2;`/ iQ K`F2i Q` bQ+BHHvĜ+2Mi2`2/ /2p2HQTK2Mi bi`i2;B2b- i?2 #`;BMBM;

+QMi2ti KQ/2H 2KT?bBx2b i?2 ǵTQHBiB+H +mHim`2Ƕ i?i bmTTQ`ib m`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi +?QB+2b-

M/ r?B+? Bb HbQ bbmK2/ iQ #2 F2v BM 2tTHBMBM; i?2 Q++m``2M+2 Q7 m`#M bT`rHX

AM i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM- QM i?2 QM2 ?M/- i?2 i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 T2`bT2+iBp2

HHQrb mb iQ ++QmMi 7Q` ?Qr BMbiBimiBQMb- Q`;MBx2/ BMiQ ?B2``+?B+H `QH2b #mi r?Qb2 /2+B@

bBQMH +T+Biv p`B#Hv /Dmbib iQ /Bz2`2Mi ;Qp2`MM+2 b+H2b- iF2 T`i BM bT2+B}+ i2``BiQ`BH /2p2HQTK2Mi bi`i2;B2b- M2;QiBiBM; M/ +QQT2`iBM; rBi? T`Bpi2 +iQ`bX PM i?2 Qi?2` ?M/- i?2 #`;BMBM; +QMi2ti KQ/2H HHQrb mb iQ +`BiB+HHv /B; BMiQ i?2 /Bb+`2iBQM`v KM;2K2Mi

9

Q7 HM/ i`Mb7Q`KiBQM- bT2+B}+HHv BK2/ i bT`rH2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b T`QpBbBQM- M/ T2`@

7Q`K2/ #v /Bz2`2Mi +iQ`b i i?2 m`#M H2p2H- bbmKBM; i?i HM/ Bb i?2 +`m+BH `2bQm`+2 i?i 1m`QT2M +BiB2b #`;BM rBi? iQ Tm`bm2 m`#M ;`Qri?X

AM Qi?2` rQ`/b- i?2 +QK#BMiBQM Q7 i?2 i?2Q`2iB+H 7`K2rQ`F Q7 i?2 i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 T2`bT2+iBp2 M/ i?2 #`;BMBM; +QMi2ti KQ/2H HHQrb mb iQ ++QmMi 7Q`- `2bT2+iBp2Hv- i?2 i2``BiQ`BH M/ KmHiBĜb+H` +QMi2ti BM r?B+? +iQ`b `2 2K#2//2/- M/ i?2 TQHBiB+H +?QB+2b i?i +iQ`b T2`7Q`K Qp2` m`#M /2p2HQTK2MiX h?2 +QK#BMiBQM Q7 #Qi? 7`K2rQ`Fb ?b i?2

BK Q7 mM/2`biM/BM; M/ ++QmMiBM; 7Q` i?2 /2+BbBQMH KQp2b mM/2`iF2M #v /Bz2`2Mi +iQ`b rBi? `2;`/ iQ HM/ b  `2bQm`+2- M/ i?2 K2/BiBQM M/ BMi2`+iBQM #2ir22M ;Qp2`MK2MiH

M/ MQMĜ;Qp2`MK2MiH +iQ`b i /Bz2`2Mi i2``BiQ`BH b+H2b 7Q` i?2 HHQ+iBQM Q7 HM/ M/- BM T`iB+mH`- 7Q` i?2 T`QpBbBQM Q7 bm#m`#M ?QmbBM; `2bX "`;BMBM; Q++m`b #Qi? r?2M Tm#HB+ M/ T`Bpi2 +iQ`b /2}M2 i?2 i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 b+H2 7Q` HM/ KM;2K2Mi M/

bm#m`#M ?QmbBM; HHQ+iBQM UBMĜ#2ir22M b+H2 #`;BMBM; ;Qp2`MM+2 /vMKB+bV- M/ HbQ r?2M +QKT2i2M+2b Qp2` HM/ KM;2K2Mi `2 /Bbi`B#mi2/ Qp2` i?2 /Bz2`2Mi bii2 H2p2Hb UrBi?BM b+H2 #`;BMBM; ;Qp2`MM+2 /vMKB+bV- BM~m2M+BM; TQHBiB+H +?QB+2b Qp2` m`#M /2p2HQTK2MiX 1MbmBM; 7`QK i?Bb i?2Q`2iB+H 7`K2rQ`F- ǵ+BiB2bǶ `2 +QMbB/2`2/ b ǵKmMB+BTH ;Qp2`MK2MibǶX h?Bb rBHH HHQr 7Q` i?2 MHvbBb Q7 i?2B` m`#M TQHBiB+H +?QB+2b Qp2` HM/ KM;2K2Mi rBi?BM

 b2i Q7 M2;QiBi2/ i2``BiQ`BH ;Qp2`MM+2 b+H2bX

RXRXR *b2 bim/B2b

"`+2HQM UaTBMV M/ JBHM UAiHvV ?p2 #22M B/2MiB}2/ b 2K#H2KiB+ +b2 bim/B2b BM  irQ bi2T b2H2+iBQM T`Q+2bbX AM i?2 }`bi TH+2- i?2 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` /ib2i 7Q` v2`b kyyy

M/ kyye ?b #22M 2KTHQv2/ iQ /QrMbBx2 i?2 Rk98 mMBib Q7 MHvbBb- r?B+? +Q``2bTQM/ iQ

/KBMBbi`iBp2 T`QpBM+2b UBX2X LlhajV- BMiQ  TQQH Q7 2HB;B#H2 +BiB2b- 7`QK r?B+? i?2 irQ +b2 bim/B2b ?p2 #22M b2H2+i2/ U7Q` 7m`i?2` /2iBHb- +7X *?Ti2` 8 M/ TT2M/Bt b2+X "VX h?2 }MH TQQH Q7 K2i`QTQHBiM `2b rBi?  +H2`+mi /BbT2`bH 72im`2b +QMbBbi2/ Q7 89 T`QpBM+2b rBi? KQ`2 i?M 3yyXyyy BM?#BiMib U T`Qtv 7Q` m`#M ;;HQK2`iBQMbV M/ rBi?  p`B@

iBQM Q7 /BbT2`b2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b- BX2X m`#M bT`rH b Bi ?b #22M QT2`iBQMHBx2/ BM i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM Ub22 b2+X 8XjXRV- #Qp2 i?2 1m`QT2M K2/BM U7Q` 7m`i?2` /2iBHb- b22 *?Ti2`

8 M/ TT2M/Bt b2+X "VX P7 i?2b2- jk Q#b2`piBQMb UHKQbi eyWV r2`2 HQ+i2/ BM aQmi?2`M 1m`QT2X A rb T`iB+mH`Hv BMi`B;m2/ #v i?Bb ;2Q;`T?B+H ǵ+Hmbi2`BM;Ƕ Q7 /BbT2`b2/ `2bB/2MiBH

`2b BM aQmi?2`M 1m`QT2- 2bT2+BHHv r?2M `2+HHBM; i?i aQmi?2`M 1m`QT2M +QmMi`B2b `2 i`/BiBQMHHv +?`+i2`Bx2/ #v m`#M +QKT+iM2bb U`2HHMQ _KQb M/ _Q+ *H/2`- kyRkc

>HH M/ >v- RN3yc oB+`B >//Q+F- kyy9VX

AM i?2 b2+QM/ TH+2- i?2 +imH b2H2+iBQM Q7 "`+2HQM M/ JBHM KQM; i?2b2 jk aQmi?2`M 1m@

`QT2M +b2b ?b #22M #b2/ QM KQ`2 bm#biMiBp2 `2bQMbX h?2v `2 i?2 #B;;2bi MQMĜ+TBiH +BiB2b BM i?2B` `2bT2+iBp2 +QmMi`B2b- M/ i?2v ?p2 #Qi? 2tT2`B2M+2/ bBKBH` m`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi BM i?2 Tbi R8y v2`bX 7i2` i?2 /2KQHBiBQM Q7 i?2B` K2/B2pH rHHb `QmM/ i?2 b2+QM/ ?H7 Q7 MBM2i22Mi? +2Mim`v- i?2v FMBii2/ iQ;2i?2`  KQ#BHBiv M2irQ`F rBi? i?2 bm``QmM/BM; bKHH

M/ K2/BmK bBx2 +2Mi2`b i?i +QMi`B#mi2/ iQ bi`m+im`2 i?2B` 2+QMQKB+ /2p2HQTK2Mib /m`BM;

i?2 bm#b2[m2Mi /2+/2bX AM //BiBQM- #Qi? +BiB2b T2`7Q`K  +`m+BH `QH2 QmibB/2 i?2B` /KBM@

Bbi`iBp2 #QmM/`B2b- bBM+2 i?2B` 2+QMQKB+- TQHBiB+H- bQ+BH M/ +mHim`H BM~m2M+2 2ti2M/b iQ

M/ #2vQM/ i?2 T`QpBM+BH M/ `2;BQMH H2p2HbX *m``2MiHv- i?2v `2 #Qi? TQbiBM/mbi`BH +BiB2b- r?B+? i`MbBiBQM2/ 7`QK #2BM; BKTQ`iMi BM/mbi`BH TQH2b i i?2 `2;BQMH- MiBQMH M/ BMi2`@

MiBQMH H2p2H- iQ #2+QKBM; bB;MB}+Mi THv2`b BM i?2 ;HQ#H b2`pB+2 2+QMQKvX 6m`i?2`KQ`2- BM #Qi? "`+2HQM M/ JBHM-  K2i`QTQHBiM /KBMBbi`iBp2 #Q/v- `2bT2+iBp2Hv i?2 ` K#Bi J2i`QTQHBi` /2 "`+2HQM M/ i?2 SBMQ AMi2`+QKmMH2 JBHM2b2- rb 2bi#HBb?2/- r?Qb2

`QH2 ?b #22M 2pQHpBM; /m`BM; i?2 Hbi ey v2`b- M/ i?i ?b i`B2/ iQ ;mB/2 M/ ?`KQMBx2

8

m`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi i  bmT`KmMB+BTH b+H2X Gbi #mi MQi H2bi- i?2v ?p2 #22M b2H2+i2/ #2@

+mb2 i?2v T`2b2Mi /Bz2`2Mi Tii2`Mb Q7 m`#M bT`rH, Hi?Qm;? i?2v b?Qr  bBKBH` p`BiBQM Q7 /BbT2`b2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b #2ir22M kyyy M/ kyye UYR-3WV

- i?2 BKT+i BM i?2 ;2M2`H /2p2HQTK2Mi Tii2`Mb +?`+i2`BxBM; m`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi BM i?2 irQ +BiB2b Bb bB;MB}+MiHv /B7@

72`2Mi, bT`rH2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b BM "`+2HQM TT2` iQ #2 `2HiBp2Hv KQ`2 +QMiBM2/ i?M BM JBHMX

h?2`27Q`2- Bi #2+QK2b T`iB+mH`Hv `2H2pMi 7`QK  i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 T2`@

bT2+iBp2 iQ mM/2`biM/ ?Qr HM/ KM;2K2Mi ?b #22M /Bz2`2MiHv T2`7Q`K2/ M/ #`;BM2/

#v /Bz2`2Mi Tm#HB+ M/ T`Bpi2 +iQ`b i /Bz2`2Mi bTiBH b+H2b 7Q` bm#m`#M /2p2HQTK2MiX

KQM; i?2 /Bp2`b2 7+iQ`b i?i +M 2tTHBM i?2 `2HiBp2 m`#M +QKT+iM2bb Q7 "`+2HQM

+QKT`2/ iQ JBHM- i?2 BMi2`THv #2ir22M Tm#HB+ M/ T`Bpi2 +iQ`b- rBi?BM i?2 KmHiBĜb+H`

BMbiBimiBQMH bi`m+im`2b BM r?B+? i?2v QT2`i2- Bb bbmK2/ iQ #2 `2bTQMbB#H2 7Q` i?Bb /Bp2`bBiv BM bT`rH Qmi+QK2bX

RXRXk _2b2`+? [m2biBQMb M/ ?vTQi?2b2b

h?2 `2b2`+? [m2biBQMb 7Q+mb QM ?Qr m`#M bT`rH Bb  i2``BiQ`BH Qmi+QK2 T`Q/m+2/ i?`Qm;?

i?2 BMi2`THv #2ir22M /Bz2`2Mi Tm#HB+ M/ T`Bpi2 +iQ`b i /Bz2`2Mi i2``BiQ`BH b+H2bX JQ`2 bT2+B}+HHv- i?2 KQ`2 +QMiBM2/ +?`+i2` Q7 "`+2HQMǶb bm#m`#M `2bB/2MiBH 2tTMbBQM Bb

bbmK2/ iQ #2 2tTHBM2/ #v i?2 /Bz2`2Mi `QH2b i?i i?2 KmMB+BTH- T`QpBM+BH- `2;BQMH /KBM@

Bbi`iBp2 Hv2`b- M/ BM T`iB+mH` i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM iB2`- THv BM i?2 M2;QiBiBQMb rBi? T`Bpi2

+iQ`b U2X;X #mBH/2`b- HM/QrM2`b- T`Bpi2 +QKTMB2bV 7Q` HM/ /2p2HQTK2MiX GM/ #2BM; 

#`;BMBM; bb2i 7Q` +BiB2b- [m2biBQMb QM ?Qr HM/ Bb KM;2/ 7Q` bm#m`#M `2bB/2MiBH T`QpB@

bBQM KQM; i?2 /Bz2`2Mi +iQ`b `2 +`m+BH iQ ++QmMi 7Q` /Bz2`2Mi Tii2`Mb Q7 m`#M bT`rH Q++m``2M+2X

h?2 ?vTQi?2b2b `2 /2`Bp2/ 7`QK i?2 i?2Q`2iB+H 7`K2 /QTi2/ QM +Biv #`;BMBM; TQr2` M/

i2``BiQ`BH- KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2- M/ +M #2 HBbi2/ b 7QHHQrb,

RX 6mM+iBQMH /2+2Mi`HBxiBQM- U>RV, "2+mb2 Q7 Bib m`#M ?B2``+?B+H `QH2-  K2i`QTQHBiM +2Mi2` ǵ+2/2bǶ ?QmbBM; 7mM+iBQMb iQ i?2 bm``QmM/BM; KmMB+BTHBiB2b HQ+i2/ rBi?BM Bib K2i`QTQHBiM #QmM/`B2bX JQ#BHBiv BM7`bi`m+im`2b bmTTQ`i m`#M bT`rH T`Q+2bb2b M/

bT2+B}+HHv i?2 bTiBH /BbT2`bBQM Q7 `2bB/2MiBH `2b UBX2X m`#M bT`rHVc

kX :Qp2`MM+2 b+H2b M/ #`;BMBM; R- U>kV, 6`;K2Mi2/- bKHH bBx2 KmMB+BTHBiB2b- #2BM;

2MiBiH2/ iQ HQ+H m`#M THMMBM;- +QKT2i2 KQM; 2+? Qi?2` 7Q` BMp2biK2Mi M/ TmHp2`Bx2 THMMBM; Qmi+QK2b BMiQ  }M2 /mbi Q7 /2p2HQT#H2 HQib- r?B+? Qp2`HH T`Q/m+2  b+ii2`2/

M/ BM+Q?2`2Mi i2``BiQ`vc

jX :Qp2`MM+2 b+H2b M/ #`;BMBM; k- U>jV, h?2 /BbT2`b2/ +?`+i2` Q7 ?QmbBM; /2p2HQT@

K2Mi Bb `2Hi2/ iQ HQ+H ;Qp2`MK2MibǶ /2p2HQTK2Mi +?QB+2b- bBM+2 i?2 HM/ i`Mb7Q`K2/

BMiQ bT`rH2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b HHQrb bKHH M/ K2/BmK bBx2 m`#M +2Mi2`b rBi?BM i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM `/Bmb iQ KtBKBx2 i?2B` #`;BMBM; TQr2` iQ ii`+i BMp2biK2Mi- +QK@

T`2/ iQ i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM +2Mi2`c

9X :Qp2`MM+2 b+H2b M/ #`;BMBM; j- U>9V, h?2 K2i`QTQHBiM #Q/v- b BMi2`biBiBH /@

KBMBbi`iBp2 Hv2` #2ir22M KmMB+BTHBiB2b M/ `2;BQMH ;Qp2`MK2Mib Ub T`QpBM+BH ;Qp@

2`MK2Mib `2 ǵK2`2Ƕ /KBMBbi`iBp2 ǵ#mz2`bǶV- THvb  +QMbB/2`#H2 `QH2 BM HM/ HHQ+iBQM 7Q` ?QmbBM; T`QpBbBQMc

e

h?Bb };m`2 `272`b iQ i?2 *Q`BM2 GM/ *Qp2` /ib2i U11 1m`QT2M 1MpB`QMK2MiH ;2M+v- RNN9-#V

`2HiBp2 p`BiBQM Q7 i?2 ǵ/Bb+QMiBMmQmb `2bB/2MiBH `2bǶ +Hbb `2;Bbi2`2/ #2ir22M kyyy M/ kyyeX 6Q` 7m`i?2`

/2iBHb- b22 *?Ti2` 8 M/ TT2M/B+2bX

e

h?2 }`bi ?vTQi?2bBb U>RV Bb `2Hi2/ iQ i?2 TQbiĜBM/mbi`BH +?`+i2` Q7 1m`QT2M K2i`QTQHBiM +2Mi2`b- K2MBM; i?i- b Q7 i?2 jy v2`b T2`BQ/ RN8ybĜRNdyb- m`#M 7mM+iBQMb `2 MQ HQM;2`

+QM+2Mi`i2/ BM  KQMQ+2Mi`B+ +Biv- #mi `2 /2HQ+HBx2/ iQ i?2 bm``QmM/BM; i2``BiQ`vX qBi?Qmi 2K#`FBM; QM i?2 pbi HBi2`im`2 +Qp2`BM; KBMbi`2K m`#M 2+QMQKB+ KQ/2Hb U*K;MB- RNNkV- i?Bb ?vTQi?2bBb b2`p2b b T`2KBb2 iQ ++QmMi 7Q` i?2 ǵQmibQm`+BM;Ƕ Q7 ?QmbBM; 7mM+iBQMb BMiQ i?2 bm``QmM/BM; `2b Q7 i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM +2Mi2` UJ;MB2` M/ _mbbQ- kyyk- +?XRVX 6mM+iBQMH /2+2Mi`HBxiBQM Bb HBMF2/ rBi? i?2 2ti2MbBp2 2pB/2M+2 QM i?2 +`m+BH `QH2 i?i i`MbTQ`i BM7`bi`m+im`2b ?QH/ 7Q` m`#M M/ i2``BiQ`BH /2p2HQTK2MiX AM T`iB+mH`- T`Bpi2 +` KQ#BHBiv Bb +QMbB/2`2/ iQ #2 i?2 M2+2bb`v 2M#HBM; 7+iQ` iQ +mb2 i?2 ǵbT`2/BM; QmiǶ Q7 i?2 +BivX AM +QMi`bi iQ Tm#HB+ i`MbTQ`i- r?B+? `2[mB`2b  +2`iBM /2;`22 Q7 /2KQ;`T?B+ +QM@

+2Mi`iBQM iQ #2 BKTH2K2Mi2/- M/ r?B+? T`2bmTTQb2b  `i?2` `B;B/ /2p2HQTK2Mi bi`m+im`2-

`Q/ M2irQ`Fb- +?`+i2`Bx2/ #v  KQ`2 /Ti#H2 i2``BiQ`BH T2M2i`iBQM- M/ #v i?2 mM#2i@

#H2 i`p2H ~2tB#BHBiv i?i T`Bpi2 KQiQ`BxiBQM Qz2`b- ?2pBHv /2i2`KBM2 i?2 KQ`T?QHQ;B+H b+ii2`BM; Q7 m`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi Ub22 b2+X jXRXkVX

h?2 b2+QM/ ?vTQi?2bBb U>kV HBMFb KmHiBĜb+H` ;Qp2`MM+2 rBi? m`#M THMMBM;X 6`;K2Mi2/- BM/2T2M/2Mi KmMB+BTHBiB2b miQMQKQmbHv /2+B/2 mTQM HM/ HHQiK2Mib `2;`/H2bb Q7 bm``QmM/@

BM; HQ+H ;Qp2`MK2Mib- rBi? bT`rH2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2b #2BM; QM2 Q7 i?2 BM+Q?2`2Mi `2bmHibX SHMMBM; i?i Bb 2t+HmbBp2Hv 7Q+mbb2/ QM i?2 HQ+H /BbBMi2;`i2b m`#M /2p2HQTK2Mi M/ T`Q@

pQF2b i2``BiQ`BH BM+Q?2`2M+2 Ua2iiBb- kyRyVX AM //BiBQM- i?Bb b2+QM/ ?vTQi?2bBb [mHB}2b i?2 }`bi ?vTQi?2bBb, m`#M bT`rH Q++m`b MQi QMHv #2+mb2 ?QmbBM; 7mM+iBQMb Q7 i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM +Biv `2 ǵ?M/2/ Qp2`Ƕ iQ i?2 bm``QmM/BM; KmMB+BTHBiB2b- #mi HbQ #2+mb2 i?2 /Bb+QMiBMmQmb

`2bB/2MiBH `2b T`QpB/2/ #v bKHH M/ K2/BmK bBx2 m`#M +2Mi2`b +2Mi`B7m;HHv 2tTM/ 7`QK i?2K- M/ r2H/ iQ;2i?2` Q` iQr`/b i?2 +2Mi`H m`#M 2MiBiv U:B#2HHB- kyyeVX h?2 HM/b+T2 Bb i?mb `2+QKTQb2/ i?`Qm;? i?2b2 irQ /Bz2`2Mi #mi +QKTH2K2Mi`v /vMKB+b- r?2`2 #Qi? UBV  bm#m`#M 2tTMbBQM 7`QK i?2 +2Mi2`- M/ UBBV M ǵBM}HHBM;Ƕ Q7 U`m`HV bT+2b `2 T`2b2Mi

X h?2 i?B`/ ?vTQi?2bBb U>jV bi`2bb2b i?2 T`2/QKBMMi `QH2 i?i HQ+H ;Qp2`MK2Mib THv BM i2`Kb Q7 i?2 HHQiK2Mi Q7 HM/ i i?2B` /BbTQbHX AM +QMi`bi iQ i?2 la Q` Qi?2` +QMi2tib- BM 1m`QT2 KmMB+BTHBiB2b ;2M2`HHv QrM  +QMbBbi2Mi b?`2 Q7 KmMB+BTH HM/ rBi?BM i?2B` /KBMBbi`iBp2

#QmM/`B2bX GQ+H ;Qp2`MK2Mib i2M/ iQ #`;BM rBi? i?2 mb2 Q7 i?2 KmMB+BTH HM/ i i?2B`

/BbTQbH iQ ii`+i #mbBM2bb M/ iQ ;`M2` `2bQm`+2bX AM //BiBQM- Tm#HB+Hv Q` T`Bpi2Hv QrM2/

HM/ Bb M2;QiBi2/ 7Q` /2p2HQTK2Mi- M/ ?Qr M/ r?i iQ #mBH/ Bb #`;BM2/ #2ir22M HQ+H Tm#HB+ BMbiBimiBQMb M/  p`B2iv Q7 T`Bpi2 +iQ`bX :Bp2M i?2 bm#m`#MBxiBQM T`Q+2bb2b i rQ`F- HQ+H ;Qp2`MK2Mib rBHH i`v iQ Q`B2Mi i?2B` ?QmbBM; T`QpBbBQM iQr`/b  +QKT2iBiBp2 Qz2`

i?i +M `BpH i?i Q7 i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM +2Mi2` M/ Q7 Qi?2` KmMB+BTHBiB2bX ++Q`/BM; iQ i?2 ivT2 Q7 #`;BMBM; ;K2 i?i i?2 KmMB+BTHBiB2b `2 #H2 iQ THv rBi? T`Bpi2 +iQ`b- HQ+H ;Qp2`MK2Mib rBHH 7pQ`  HQr- K2/BmK Q`  ?B;? biM/`/ ?QmbBM; Qz2` iQ ǵ}Hi2` QmiǶ M2r `2bB/2MibX l`#M bT`rH rBHH Q++m` #2+mb2 Q7 i?2 +QKT2iBiBp2 #`;BMBM; TQr2` i?i 2+? KmMB+BTHBiv Tm`bm2b- BM i?2 ii2KTi iQ `Bb2 i?2 it #b2 iQ `2/Bbi`B#mi2 `2bQm`+2b BM i2`Kb Q7 Tm#HB+ b2`pB+2bX b  `2bmHi- HM/ +QMiBMK2Mi Bb MQi iiBM2/- M/ QT2M M/

;`B+mHim`H HM/ Bb MQi T`Qi2+i2/

- b i?2v /Q MQi Qz2` M 2[mHHv TQr2`7mH #`;BMBM; TQr2`

iQ KmMB+BTHBiB2b iQ ;`M2` `2bQm`+2bX AM //BiBQM- i?Bb ?vTQi?2bBb bm;;2bib i?i m`#M bT`rH Bb MQi +QMM2+i2/ rBi? TQTmHiBQM BM+`2b2- #mi Bb  T`QĜ;`Qri? bi`i2;v iQ ii`+i `2bB/2MibX

d

b rBHH #2 Hi2` /Bb+mbb2/ U+7X *?Ti2` kV- bm#m`#MBbK Q` m`#M bT`rH +M #2 +QKTQb2/ Q7  /Bp2`bBiv Q7 mb2b- ?QbiBM; ?Qmb2b- BM/mbi`B2b- i`MbTQ`i M/ +QKK2`+BH `2bX LQi QMHv ?QmbBM; 7mM+iBQMb bT`rH- #mi

HbQ BM/mbi`BH M/ +QKK2`+BH `2b- bmTTQ`i2/ #v KQ#BHBiv BM7`bi`m+im`2bX >2M+2- i?2 K2i`QTQHBiM +2Mi2`

ǵ/2HQ+HBx2bǶ iQ i?2 bm``QmM/BM; KmMB+BTHBiB2b i?2 2MiB`2 `M;2 Q7 m`#M 7mM+iBQMb- M/ i?2 ǵr2H/BM;Ƕ Q7 b+ii2`2/

`2b BKTHB2b  KBtim`2 Q7 mb2bX >Qr2p2`- b ?b #22M H`2/v +H`B}2/- M/ ?Qr rBHH #2 7m`i?2` `2Bi2`i2/ BM i?2 7QHHQrBM; *?Ti2`b- i?Bb /Bbb2`iiBQM T`BK`BHv 7Q+mbb2b QM bT`rH2/ `2bB/2MiBH `2bX

3

h?Bb bii2K2Mi HBMFb i?2 /2#i2 QM HM/ +QMbmKTiBQM 7Q` bm#m`#M `2bB/2MiBH `2b iQ i?2 H+F Q7 T`Qi2+iBQM Q7 Mim`H `2b M/ ;`B+mHim`H bQBH b +QHH2+iBp2 ;QQ/b- BX2X ǵi?2 +QKKQMbǶ- +7X Pbi`QK URNNyVX

d