Giants or Titans? Remarks on the Greek Versions of 1 Enoch 7.2 and 9.9

Deuterocanonical

and

_Cognate

Literature Studies

Wisdom

Poured

Out Like

Water

Ed i ted

by

Fri ed k i ch

V. Re lte re r,

Be a te _Ego.

To b i as

Nickla s ,

a n d

K ri sti n

de

T m ye r

Volume

38

S m die s

o n

Je wis h

a n d

Chrl stl an

Antiquity

in

H o no ro f

Ga brie le

Bocca cclnl

E d i te d

_by

j.

Ha rold

El l ens,

Is a a c W. Olive r,

Ja s on

vo n

Ehre nkrooL

Ja m e s

Wa dde ll,

a n d

Ja s on

M.

Zu ra ws ki

M rl

me )3-n

79 2

m

1M 9 16 6 6

m

mo¢

n t«

d

nand

Me

Dmche »

atio naMiblio thek

m

thispublicatio n in the De uts cheHa lm lblbliogra lle :

d«

a ile d biblio graphie da ta a rea m a bt· Inthe Inte rne ta thdp: lfdnb_dnbÀ*

08

Wa ll{rde _{G ruyte r}GmbH. BMinfBos lon 1 irpesen)n«

INe m

S onm re S e Me n

m

Ltd. Printing a ndbindin¢:

m

bo o ksG m bH

tm

m n».Degruyte r.

m

Luca Arca ri

1 G iants

o r

_{Ti tans? Remarks}

o n th e G re e k

Versi o ns

of 1

_{E n o c h 7.2 a n d 9 .9}

Introduction

As is m]

m

the

s e m unitm

between _{the Wa tche rsa ndhuma nwome n} the

s omlle d

Ha nn

m e

_{into the world. In}

_btnh

¢

Qml

(¢qEn') !

m

1 6 -22//

+qx»

2 (¢

q E n *111

X»-2 5b

(-1

En.7._{m .), the te xts a remme wha imutilated, nnd} the

_{re cons tmM of}

_theAramalc

te m fo rtheso ns

of

the Wa tchprsis

p o te

bypothe dca Lba s e d _{e m m re ly Ona}

re tnne m on from the Gre e ka ndthe Ethiopic

t

In tbe Ara ma k

ms lon

_{ncons tructe d by}

_{M l i k}

_theterm _{by wnlch the} so ns

of

the

Wa tmm

a ile _{ide ntilie d}ls

_g

_{'m oreo r leas co mspo nding to the} ]octrtl00

_{rl w}

m

_{a tte s te din the Gmk te xts}

(a c c a ,_rdlnglothe

me x

P ano po ·

& tmw

[he m e forth. Gl a ndSyncellus's ve rs ion

tta n m tte d

In MsChmno graphia

mmti s

[m,

_{s ll}a

According m

_{N i c ke l m .}

_{-G re e k}

o¢

y

a ppe a rs also toha ve ]e ft its

ata

_{mmbe r of}

_Points

_of

1EnocwAltm gh no ne

otihe m m ple s repo rted bp s chola rsde fmltive ly de mons tra te s

m

m

U_{m ns lde re dtoMhe t, the y} s e e mm

d i m m n t

form s

of

qconm cl

m

m a le da la thtm e in the

Gmk

·

ndrL" A my

tnstructiw (Bs e fo r

_{th l =WI *}

a c c oM a ng m Niclcelsinug, l s the

na H=iqe

of

1

m 11.

Following

m *

imnltme our]x

_{m m ting)s ugge s tiom}

by

m

_{mlmmu=a lgue s}

M a

pmblemadc dependence on

mk

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m· d b e

drf*=nn

W

m

rbe

Ma ra kie m .

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m

Bde a *

=l=d,

M

4QW

1 5-1 6

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to n e d

a+

bpm

_dr

m ·

Ws

m

Ua==-Heqrlin«

inm

In

4.

I ing

a mdls »

m«

yd m

2

fa

m e m e t

Wa ld

1_{Da rh.}

w»

a td»

we m

4 p o o a m H S H

e,

m

3_(i£

im:

U-JW

He o=e nna f« nDa»

m

l u u n

62_

1 &—— L uta

h trrl

m fi rm

rehknehlp

n

the

mMr

Aia e l material a rdthe [;nrk hc·ne lhc us

a wh rrm m

mkma dc b

h

mly

Ml thelewlsha m h lhc As a e l_{m ph}re a li

m

mt

mHNc

mra ]a l

ltc nnP q im Cm3t

m[hp «

po pular ctd m ons o f lhl\material?

Cm tlu the

cm

_mlrrrl+

lmtrr

r.

NeriS om M

mm

no

W

avmlable[o us ?

m

Ia s i

m

a d_{tunn. Ma trovu.ilw#kbte w»T lphuer}

_mm

_{m a M y}

ma kw

lut thelstnellle us c

lo lhe

_{fmm.. U.) Rcl_.}

B rtanthc

r.

Iamq lh» t k dt»rht

nm

a ndrh*

r»

_rHmbr

Ina n es s ay puuls htd so mo _{ye a rna lo,}I

m

_{a na lwd the}

_{a ccom of}

thefa uo f

th t

Wa rrhe m

mnta intd

in1

h

8:

L

a s we ll m th*

dlflmmEa be me n

the

m·

sio na o fthis na tra tiw conta ine dm

m

Ga nd S . In

_{mrvi ng}

ho w S_{lm e ra l*}

trie s _{10· ncrm a liz e "theta leo t the}

Ptim ordia l fa ll In lighto f

m

Ge ne a la _{a ccount.}

!

m

m

_{unde rllmd}

tha t the

l m rti o n

ot

m

d m

a bout thewo men who 'corrupt-the a nge ls a tte a te d tnS_{m a y}

_{Mply Ma t}

hi* s om cebelanB s toa n

c

tra dition, wtine n inGreek, tha iladm e te nt

frm

the

m

a rt«

tnd

h

G.Inmya na l·

ys ts . s ucha n

Enmhic

_{tra ditioncertainly}

_{da m}

ma

l m

but

mve ttbe lm

m cte nt

perio d, a ndIl do uhllessry pre ce dmSa nd the cluonogra phm

tha t

it

nMs

to.

Inthe andysis P uhlished In201 2, I

mm tha t

the

mk

m um

pteaetwd in hoth5a ndGde tive from

m

diffe re ntm ia l a ndmlmta J

c c n »»

S ucha

pod-tio n implies tha t e ve ryanalysis o fthe rum le d

mk

in

m

Enochic acco unts s houldbee va lua te da s a re s ulto tcultbra l ope ra tiom conne cte dm the diEe re nlpha m

of

tra nm is s iono fthe Uxls In dif[e re m

lan

_{Al m u B}

in m a nyc a s e s acho ice _{from a mong}rhe

dincrmt

le mcan be _{ne c e s s a ry m a}

ai m

o peratio n fo tthe re comtructiono f

_{a n-migina l-te xt ot}

_{Me Enochic a ccotult, tn} othe rc a s e s _{the ir tra ns m is s ionss hmdbe}

judged a s_{ide ologim y ode nte xL}

m

isthe point tha iI

m h

tos tre s s in this cha pm

Gia nts

o r

Tita ns ?

T he ta le

of

Me union be me e ntheangels a nd the wom m . In iB Mm re ntver· s ion isthesymbo l o f theuniono f two _{inm m pa tible}

_{ma litim}

Thisis the _o{igin

of

a_hybri¢ the

s o-me d

_{cia nt.}T hes ym m

of

a

_{M ty}

_{tha t}isconta m ina m

4Mele

I£

no t*!.

Bl

Gi·

_{m o r}

_{nia nt?R emarks o n th* Greelt vet sio ns o f}

1Enoc h 7.2a nd

9 .9 -17

a nd

_{impure 'The}

_imagery

_of

s e xua l union beMreen

m

incom pa tible re a litie s re cm sa

s ta teot

s ocia lcha os

which

_{s ubve rts the e s ta blis he dorde r.}

_Il

_is

_{mt a n}

a ccide nt tha t-be s ide the angels

_{te a ching}

the wome n_{magic techniq ues} a nd he rba l cure s -the Gia nts

e a t" a l l

the

toil of

men

until

men we re una bletos us ta in the m -(1

En.

7:3). Afurthe rco nseq uence

of

the s ubve rs ion

of

the otde r

of

cre a · tion is the

fa ct

tha t

m'e l

te a c he s m e n"to ma ke s wordsa nd

daggers, a nd s hie lds a nd

_{bte a s tpla t" a nd}

_{s hows the m the wa yto}

m a nufa cture -1...

I

bra ce le tsa nd

oma me n?

_the

t

he n the

a rt

_{of making up}

thee ye s a nd be a utily:lngtheeyelids, a nd pm ious a nd choice s tone * a nd

a ll

kinds

of

colore ddyes"(8:1 ). The

_{pmtology unde rlying}

theacco unt

of

_{the a ngdic ta llpresented} in theB o o k

of

Watchers ce r

_{ta inly}

doe snot_{representro mething unique in the drcle oFa ncie nt} pm nlogim

tra d i ti m

The the m e

of

the innue nce s

o f

Near

m m

Mditions

in Jewish

culture

wa salready de a rto the nsseschichtiiche

m l e .

Ase vince d for

e xa mple ,

In the wmk

of

He nna nn

G m a r

Starang out

frm

a ne wre s e a rc h

pezspective

which

ado pls so me

of

tM

_{pm uppa s itions}

_whidr

_{s ta nd be hind the}

a fote me ntjone d}e ¢

lons ws chicha fiche

mh

te rhlnllns

a nd

_{re foimula ling}

re ce nt

s chola rs ha ve

de mle d ine ir attmtim

to

m

tra ditions

_{ha iling}

from the Me s opota mla na nd

Ba bMnia n

m d &' J e t.

wha ta ls o

_{undoubte dly}

e m e tge s

a ta

mt

_{gla nce .}

In my

o p i um

is the

cl m

s im ila rity be twe e nthe

d i m re n t

mk *

e rs ions

of

the a ccount a ndso me cle m e nts

m

ha le s urm e d In the G re e k lhe ogony.+

M s

e me rge s

e s p m l y

from tbeus a ge

ot

_{le tm inom} a ndpluaseo l· ogy we l]

a tre s te d

in G m k

a ccomls

m m e m lns

h e «

igins of

m

s tdus qm .

As

mrs

ha ve

m«

line d.

In ma nyc a s e s the

G M

mms

ot

1Enochha ne

not he s im te d m m a ke us e

of

m m a

d i a n a

m

mkcal

_{na tmtiw}

¢

m

ine

_{lde ok#m}

s c he m e orthe

m«

rh*

wa N n

s e e

m b S a m.

M

Apo o d}pric a nda s ll& m ory.JS¥S up2 0{s be m e l& s m Be ld

Mz rkmlcm

19 9 4

T>ap

M )e ta t

rhi,

d the £ssene

H )p a m :

T hem ing ofthe Wa p lm wm nim m

m

tinoc hic

_Jumm

(GraJnd R aFltb: Ee rdm a w19 9 8)-On tbe

glms

s e e »

k,

:Mauhew

_{J .m .}

-Mm m ous

mite s :

a,

Ca m \lba lim ,

mdMmJe

Ea tinginEinmhic [lle ra nrre .'/A/1(201 0): J9 -42

(ine nguredBe he x*ot

h

1

En_9 128 6

a _{a . Iie be}S P rinwral m m J#Ba bMn¢

w

BlbhLd,imd

l h M l r,

JSISup 149(T Aden: Na m n: uga rh-Ve r

W mn

9c r.

m«

_udyo f1.R ands

C

Crut

m e ne e bl)e wEh

M«

o JOn.iwn pe da l

Re

l--e nc l--em Ae

_{Ap o n d m}

and _{fa e ude prMs (Lm dom}

sw

19 6 ]):

rd

hmher ta m Mm

h

m le ntr Ba uchA 5Z ruiyo ftM G e wqphyo(l

m h

u-Js t' No

m l l m m

mmlllme

m' ,

mup

B l_{(Wde m}

W

_W3jL

l a ——

L uc alw{ari

perhaps m a kingus e

of

_{the s a m ete chniqum}

_of

_{m e dia tion}

_{a pplie d}

_{in the}LX X . _The term fo r Watchers,

yyn

(4 Q201 I i

3

_{or)uy'(4Q2 02 1}

il

_3u)inAramaic, be c om e s

in G re e kol& yyEAol uio J

_oùponioii

InGa ndo i

_{yp1ya por}

inS.U_{Whe re a sin this}c a s e

Ga ppe a rs clos e rtoG e n& 1-4LX X (where. Ho wever, the Wa tche rsa re de s cribe da s

o l uto i T o ù eco il), S e m ploysaterm

l m

_{fre que ntly}us e d _in

clms im Gre e Luwhich

s uc c e e ds in

_{re nde ring}

mo re

_{fa ithfully}

thes e ns e

of

m

as ubs ta ntive com e cte d with wa king/wa tching (cf.T heHe bre w a nd the us e

of

the Ara m a ic in Da n4 :1 0, 1 4 ,20,28). T heG re e kte rm s e e m sto

_{re inte rpre t}

the ide a

ot

theregio nal go dsa ctive in the time

of

Cro nus. i.e .,beings who

h m

the

functiom of

tme

dirlne

shep-herds, e a c h o fwhicha ppe a rs S O_{s e lf-s uMcie nt in providing for the}ne e ds

of

his own group

h a t

nofhing viole nt

m

ha ppe n:

node vouring

of

e a c h o rhe* no

_wn

no

s trif.

_{(cf. Pla to,P bl. 271 d5; 271 el-2).}

As we ha ves e e n,

h e

Giants, a cm ding to

m L

a ie pre mma b]y

Ide ntilie d

with the Ara ma icgbtJm(ct,4 02021

n XV).

a

te rmtha t

re fe rs m_{the e xtrmrdina ry}

s tre ngth

with whichthe s e _{beings a re}

e ndmd.

Gre pa dsa

m ti o n

be twe e n

yiyuvrtq

a nd TITM£q ; S,

_by

conlrM is

mm uniform

in

IB cmta nt

us e

of

I En. 7:2G: AI

U tv

ym pJ

AWm

Mrm om ivhuvtucp€ rMo uq

tx

www.

T heyconm wda m Jbwegre a t Cia nls o f

3

mb*

lm

9 :9 C: Ka l

d Wvdkq

_{wTlouvm hoq W'dnr W¢}

ìi

_{ÉM4 o ino}

Mda《la-And

m

wo men Be ne ra ie d T lians, a nd the wnnlepm hwa s

liNd

m h b m

and

_Idwlry.

1 En.?:I

S :

K d

twa y

_{m inoiqm lpla}

np nn

ylwwoq"

And

tt»

_ybore

f«

rhe m thre e

ra m

m.

_{R t« gnai}

G

And no w_{rm .} The dauginers o fm e nm es m s tra m

_ritm,

mi *

Syncellus us e s thetenn _{yiya q}

m

_{in his inmucmry s umma ry}

_of

theexcewMm from1Enoch=e porte d in Ms wa de :

1 1

_Mllik,

T he_Boohq£inoc h,1 6 \ 1 2 Bbc\; Apoca lhìs ts i Qa nT,21.

l ]

B ma ne ia e din He m m cG r«k, s« eMa ne thndAkxa nMa Lbg.2(wa dde lL

Lm

Err«a thius

o f

mmca,

mm Hm

n.1 238. m(va nde r

vm

a nd

ox=e qnm,

m

Inthe Gre e k

d

L XX: e ._=,s e eLa m *

t*

1 4

Mllik.

Me B o o in o f Eno ch,166.

15»

h d ,

mtd>wb

Heno c**

_mm,

22.

1 7

Btk.

Apo cuJhMi ifbtm Grapcp, 2Z

G m

o rrm ns tR emms m th*

G m vm n i

d

1

E m

72 ·nd

9 .9 -19

WW«.wwwam/₩

ytw.6oqmmvl

_{Ym ·.(M m}

m ».

m

Adm

m m kd

owr

_{m pmpk}

o f thal tm u MAM

1.

_{In)a m d's \a hye a r,} the

77

l e a

d

S e t_hin»e«.BliJ

_W«

cl

o fM s

m ml

_astray a ndwe ildo wn a nd took

m

m ns e m

wtm

tnx=ine da ughte rs

d

m e n, and brgM G la m &-men relo wn. As

Am ong otbe r

te rm

rla m im Greek include sP recisely the words yfya vroq a nd TtTME¢(ornqurc)to indica te

mme of

the a ctm o Ethe primordia l

hap p e

m The firrq a llude s

to

rhnqrbeings bom from the

d

₩

of

blo o d triming o ut

of

the wound

of Ura nm

wno ha d be e nwounde d

_by

Cronus (cf.T heo g. 185-186),re p te s e zne d

by

R esiad a s -powe m l a nd

gre a t

G ia nt*

s ple ndid

in

with

lorw

s pe a rs

i n

the ir

ha nds -(«

_{poTtpòq WydÀow}

T€_{Hyuvra q/Tnixm}

_{Àa pnopivou}

GoAix'e ne a )Woivbtovra d-The

m ond refers, rao [e _{ge ne ra lh,}toa rxe s tra l

g m

*. Mp of

dbe s e cond

_{ge ne ra tion}

_{(cf. Mra g. 4 24 , T tTqot pira npm ipotm 8£oim v,} 6 4 8 land 668]:

nnw

mB eDt

m i

m

_Rpòvou

_Érwvòpcm).

He s iodalso _pm -ide s us

m

a

klnd of

_{e tym ology}

of

_{the te rm nriiwTlTmoq-On the hn«}

_i#of

_its

R ##X uwK W

m

the

m b -m

mm-the

_{poe t}

_{s pe cifim tha t}

Ura nus

m e d

Ms

S ONS

m a n

because,

_{m tc h i n s}

out the iratms

with

a noga ncq the y

mmmim

buge

fo r

whim

the y

ha d

pa id the pe na lty (cf. Me qg.20i74 1 0). While , a t

m

in the

_{la e ogony.}

T he

mts

are a_{re la tive ly cle a ra nd wEll·}

de a n«d catem.

lbe

Tita ns a ppe a r

s e wa a l

tim e s

i n

the poe ma s thos ewho a re

m ta u y

m

_{Uie ode r}

tha t Z m s is

trying

sly

toe s ta blis h(cf. Ihe qg. 393,630-631,648.

m.m.

668).

M

m

of

the

de s ce nda ntsof

the tita nsis FT o metheas, so n o f)apems (c£

_TMw.

so m-51 2).

m

wa s e ncha ine d,

like

the

T i ta n

a sa

Wl m e n t

lornot

g

a chowle dge d tbe porwe t

of

Z eus(cf. Me cg. 559-560).

m mk

ws ia n

of

the

Bookof

Wa tche rs m ta ine d

i n

G.

Ue te fotq

e m p w

tbe

_{I .' " " yi ya vrc q}

a m d

m w

wi mt

dis timtion to

indica le lbe so ns

d

the

Wa

T h b

is

i n

cora ra s t

m

the gre a te r

m rm i l T

a nm pd

I n

S m ie a s

i n

R p#jo d a

dis tinction

be twe e nthe G ia nts a nd tbe Tita ns is

al l «

_{le d. The a lte ma tlng}

(mm

m m d Uriws iry

m

2002L

K

20 On tbe ùians s e ealso

m

a na lys is by Ja n»

e tm

ntk

Fa lle n

An M

K ro no s and the

Tita B.-h kkm.

ia

Re t*fmand

_Udmr

M

B aGe

md a t

Ancient

m

m,

ISEC 8_{oude n:}

e rin

2 008).

20-Lua

Ata ri

termino ao gy

of

Gs e e m stopre s uppoe e

a nil«

qnria tion be twe e nthe s e groupso f divinitie s ,

which

wa s will lcno wn

i n

the He llm is tic-Rom a n perio d in virtue

of

the ir be longingtothesphere

ot

co smo go nlc

d i m

de e ds _{(ct. Huta rch, J£}Os. 360e 7").S,

by

contra s t,

h

mo re

a dhue nt

tothe a ccm nt

i n

G e n6 :1 -4a s a ne s te d

in

m a i

the inllue nce

of

m c h

ha s not ta ile d

to

le a ve tra ce sa ls oin the te rm

i-nologica l uruform ity

with which

P h i l o -m

is usually ptone m _{e m ploy G re e k}

p h i m p h i c a l

a ndcultlc te rminology-ha e

tre a te d

the procologka l

e vmB of

G e n 6 :1 -4(cf. Philo.Gig.

58

a nd hls uniformity

i n

using the

te rmylynvrcq. °

Vari ati o ns

a s

m i rro rs

o f

_{s pe cific}

lde olos lca t

a n d

so ci al

horiz ons

Asm a nys chola rsha #e _{obe e rvtd in}

h e

_{la s t}decades. Ga ndS

m

m

_{me re ly}

P so d-UCIs

of

m be s a ndlor a uthors who

e nga ge d\n

the ta s k

of

p ro d i ng

word-to-mrd

co rrespo ndences fm m Ara m a ic a ndl or

p m

tous

m

Mc

tl

a didone G re e kve r· sio ns

_{pre s e md}

in bothGa ndSo[te n s how

omis s im

a nd

co« uptiom.

As we ll a s _{s tylis tic m odilìca tions a nd}

_{cultura l}

_{adaptatio ns. Hence. Te ndpncim}

_{of thm·}

2 1l(Is well kno wn rha t the_{lm -Tita ns .-Alre a dy in}

mfmh

_{um M=y}

mL

aho a ppm tothe -m a m s -(s e ethere fpre na slo the

Icm

the_{Pa na rlna kpepm}

_h

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Hec_4 72a nd Iph.Tour. 224 ),a ndfrom \h*i

mla p

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a s ma da n

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r«

iod s tems , \x., I'tya vnM

rd

TlTuvm as

it tm. g-lrtm

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JS idea Os hide . Uespite Mla rm s imendm o f_{rom pm ng}

m

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th

one s .seB ing out a_{irue m e tpr«}aio gra e c u the_Egn»L m_{re ligim .}T hea e s m ia a mrrwvnxhm l

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lht

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me s

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d. Mppe

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m

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m\mM

s e eabo

_{H l o o t}

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F Z Eplc ha «mm, IJI

m .

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n

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22 CLGmb: * LXX, »rt theGwek

yi

s e tm s to translam

m

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Sp

a

M m

o f1 Enoc h

in

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the

da nE's e e mtobeindB caied _bythe _{tra ns llte ra rd}H¢_{bre wte m ne pm{l}

m TIS

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n

ol66

yhRvrtq\t*

M rp q Nm

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tl rwml l m, -and

the €ia nts1_btg$aNa fe ma nd lo the Na te m we reTbo m

m

m

-23 Cf. PederBa gtn. PhUa _ol

AlnmdMt

AnEuB«

ef-m m,

Nm m tp 86(Lddm

mn,

1 9 9 7).1 05-1 2.

Ttx

term

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h«

h «

ms

o ftheLX X :

d.

1

m

m&

Ith

te s tim onie s

mus t

alB o be co nsidered _{in a nydiscussio n}

_of

te xtua l criticis m. As .

a m ong

othe R

mn.

_{Njcke ls burg, a nd Coble nlz Ba ulch s e e m}

1 0 do .A+

My a pptmch, though, is_{quite diMre nt. The}

variado ns _{a fm te d inthe}

_multi·

m

mhic

tra dilim _bring

b

_{the fore the}

_{m e d}

a nd

m ultiform mmre

of

the

tta ns mis s imof

_{Enochic ma te ria l in}

_{Gre e k}

U G seem m be a

_typim

_Product

_of

_a

Lite -a ndque

_{Egyptia n pmra te}

_{ordo mestic}

conie xl,zs_S

re p rm n ts

01

e litis t a tte mpt m no rmalize the

ta leof

h e

fa ll

of

the Wa me rs

_{wa ugh eliminating-or perfecting}

unde ra_{the o]ogica ] profile -the}

mo st _{dia icult}

passages pe rce m a s

tm

invasive.

m e

examples re ca lle d

_by

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indica tive :fo tthepa s s a ge mo re orle s s

coinciding

with 1

_{En_10:7G,}

_S

us e sthe te rm

Èp q w

_{tode fine the Wa lche n} a le s s

compmis ing te rm

tha n theo ne us e d inG,_{G wEÀot.}26 Fo r1_{En.15:9 ,}

whe n the e vil

s pirits tha tcan

co me o ut

_of

_{Gian ts}

_m

de s cdbe d,Sginre s the

_following

_{e xpla na tion}

6rm dnò

nitv

mv

_{Èytvovro. which}

dia e rs

fm

G,& 6n

6nò

T m

_{à vtuTtptw}

0.

Z T T he_{m a ding}

_{a llre d}

_{i n}

S is lialJle tobe _{interpreted in na tura lis tic} lerms. Howe ve r, the

m

_{p m i n e n t}

_{e xa mple}

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_{i n}

IEn.7:S , ]awhe reSre fe rs mthe

me e

m e e s(Gia nts ._Fkphrljn a nd

_{Elioud) tha t}

_{a re}

de dve d

hom the unim

_{be twe e n}

_the Watchers _{a nd thewnrlierL}

While the othe revidence _{re ports}a _{m ore -m ythici2 e}

d-tale,

which

describes the

_{impie ty ot}

_the

gia nts

a nd the ir e nmmus stature, the

fa ct

tha iS_{conta insso me}

gra mma tim ambiguitres

suggests

tha t it

m a y

re pre s e nta n

De ndm s crm :

_{rtftymd t}

m m o ve ty.

m

m

na so tthrJe rus a le m

Co ngressiJuvzo -2 000),434-44;

_{M M l m &}

1

_Hwh

1,18-2 0 Coblmu

m i d t.

Me _{Geo gnaphy,}

_{3 4 -4}

_{a de m.}

Wm:

and_{e a de m ,-De ca ra don,}

Ue gructionand

mch«

_{y: R eflealo nso n}

1_{Eno ch 81 nlight}

o t¢

Q W, -m

is (20081 :1 9 -9 5.

25

h n " M a n

have

_mi

G wali m nd

h

lhe

_wm

a

_Copdr

lfmlors a

M

the

m

_{m s kn nf]Ehoch}

tsa

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_he

(T Dhbcer* _{urytlate, especially m the}

basis o f

_{me ompMca l}

_{m m m .}

See larso n,

G

_mq

be

a .

_QJYufa

m m y

lra ns la ie dCre e kleal (aee

_{lllde lrbul=,}

1£

h L

i g .

Tbe m

Apo ca*_{ne of}P eter,

mj .

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_{s m}

7(m:

Pe e w2001 1

e l h

U-l%

m m

_{Pa rxpo& m}

_{tode r}

Pa nopouta nus ,-lfe n_{35 (201 5): 135-51 thea ulhm} tmderllnes

dut

gla s s e s

hG

m_ayP1dU

d

_{b Iy b e}1rac e d_m

m

_akhrwnist

mMm Panopo»

sw

to x

_{s m m u.}

27

a .

_{B m ,}

Apoka lm s Hmo chl

m e .

_m

1 B

_{a .B}

₩

ANdyps ls

fteno chf

G rw.

22.

e m e nde dor norma lm te xt.

_{Conce rning}

1En.7:2a nd 9:9, the

m a ti m s

_{a tle s te d}

i n

m

G re e kve rs ionse mke

m

_{diffe re nt ide ologica l}

_{a nd}

s ocia l horiz ons :

if

the a lte r-na ting mte rpla y

(ylyuvrEq

or

_{TlTMED a tte s te d}

_inG

ca n

be _{e xpla ine d}Onthebasis

of

the s tra tifie d a nd multifa ce te d

mia l

_{a nd re ligious conte xt}

_of

la te -a ntique

EgypMn

pm a te a nd/or hous e hold_{e m rirm m e nts ,}

the -norma liz e d-ve rs ion of

S

_(Yiyuvr

€

_{vs .}

nrw.

cle a rlybased On_{the te rmnology a tte s te d}

_{i n}

_LXX

a s

we ll

a s On the difte r-e ntia a on rr-e ma rkd inHesio d's

_{ptotologica l}

_{ta le , s e e m s}

_to

_re[er

_to

a _{book-ce nte re d}

e litis t conte xt. i.e ., thesame _{Byz a ntine conte xt}

_{i n}

which Ge orgea s s ume sthe

mle of

synkello ls (S ynce llu*

_{lit." ce ll-Ma te " ) o[the}

_{Pa tria rch}

Ta ra s ius(730-806).

The

_{ove rla pping terminolos y of}

_G

a ppe a rs

_{s trictly conne cte d to}

_the late a ntique ide a tha t s torie s a bout the Gia ntsra tive sOn

h e

_{G ods}a s awhole . Are _{s torie s}

a nd

_{a bout}

the_{the de mom}

_{Tita ns ,}

as _{We ll}

_{I n}

as G te e k na r·

his

_{Pra e pa mtio}

e va rge lica , Eus e bius of

Caesarea, _{s ta rtin8} from so me _{passages conta ine d}

_{I n}

Pluta rch's De

de fe cm

_{ora culorum (10.12 . And 16}

[414,416c-417b0.

R ecalls the

phi-los ophe r's

inte rpre ta tion of

_{the ptophe tic}

_{a nd oracular s hrines}

a m onB he a the ns as theabo des

of

e m de mons :

CaesareA _{Pka tT.}ev.S._{4 .8.4 [Mras, GCSI)}

mi

TITUWKÀ 6 aipnwxà Efvm_{G qwlrloxn}

dJq «_{a im Èpa v imopdMrw} 6 ,

mi:

_;

Hn:

=

And lhis argumem is S till_{funhe r cmfirme u by Phlta rch, in the}

passage whe rehe _{s a ys rha i} de e ds

of

Gia m s arki

_{T i l m}

_relebrated

inso ngs _{a m ong theGre e k s a re}

_m

gMe g

a m t

da e m m , inte ntle dto_{nrgge s t}ane wpha s e o f_lhoughr. Eusebius also _{quote s}

a passage

_{om Plutarch's}

De fs ide e t Os iride _{(2 51360dl)}

_{i n}

whichthe

philos ophe r interpre

ts the e ve nts

_{conce rning}

_{the Gia nts}

_{a nd}

the

Ttm

as s ulTe rings

of

ce rta in

_{nughty de mons}

whom the Gre e k

the ologia ns a nd philos ophers

cms ide re d

tobe _{stro nger}

tha n Me n, a nd

fi r

s upe rior

i n

_{powe r to}

hum a n Mtule :

W

m

Broin tmov

t;

r:

_Awov.(F+

_nlp.

_{Ev. S.S.}1.9

_{M rm}

ce s d

unholy pra ctice so f

_mrm%

a nd the cmte s lso f

_Pythm

_with

Alnllo.

And the

_{b a n l s M l s}

Twhon. whicho ne_{m a yhear}

everwuhere, m a de_{the subject}

_of

_Ucer*

_{i m}

fables. Abo Me have a_{s m la r}

GIants o r T hansTRe m a rk s o n

Ih·

G t·e h Ve rs ions o f1Em ch?.2 a nd

9 9 -23

orde rto e xpla in the

norma lmtion

ba s e do nthe Gmk na rra tive

of

G e nm is

a tte s fe d

i n

S,

ir is pos s ible

tha t S ucha

uniformity

a im e da t ta king s ide s inthe ide

-ologica l de ba re sine vita bly conne cte d

with

the a s s ocia tion be twe e ntheso ns

of

the Wa tche m a nd the

_{T n i i v. I n}

_{m a ny inte rpre ta tive Ua ditions}

conce rning the pm tologica l G re e kta le * the He s lodic TITÒVEQ

we re

the

obje ct of

a _{Euhe m e ris tic}

inte rpre ta tion: Tha llus . T he

a urhor of

_{the chtonogra phic} work

title d

Tm opia l, a pplie d a

Euhe me ris tic

inte rpte ta t}on

to

the

s truggle s of

Be lus . Cm nus , a nd the Tita ns

a ga ins t

Z eus, m ns ide rjng the m

a ll

tobe

h u m a n

a nd

this

a uthor

wa s Nns cious ry cite d

_by

mti an

a uthors ,mo st _{proba bly} o na ccount

of he ir

prope ns iw rowa rd Euhe m e rim . 29

I n

this mga rd,a s notice d

by

_{La cta ntius ,}10

Euhe m e rua 's

a ccount of

the

conflict

be twe e n the Tita ns a nd Cmnus ,a s

we ll

as

_{his Titanomachy,}

_{wa s s im ila r} tothe a ccounts

found

in the S ibylline Ora cle s (3.110-15-4), wtle re the S ibyl states _{tha t Ctonus ,}

_{Tita n,}

_{a nd}a pe tus}

_{live d}

in the te nth ge ne mtion a fte r the

de luge a nd only

a fte r the de a th

of

Ura nus

did

the

c o u n i c i

be m e e n Cronus

_{a nd Titan,}

a s 1 »e 11 a s the

m

_{wa r be m re e n}

_{huma N}

grow opon the

e a m.

S_{s ta rts}

_from

a °

lceyle xe m e '"tha t isattested

I n

the G re e k Ve rs im

o f

G e n6 c ]ー4

i n

orde r to

dm tibe one

of

the qe dous cMra cte ts

i n

the

Enochic

d ram

the

' N e p b a l n -th e

otts pdng of

the a nge l¥

union with wome n

m

pos s e s se xtra ordina ry

po*

m s

a nd

are ca lle d tr¥ing

to.

I n

a dm nctive

_{wa »}

l rm

_{a nd a ctions lha t cbaracte dz e}

_{the G la rus a nd the the m e}

of

the

mora l

d me

o f

_{bm a nity.} This is a_{ve ry}

_{s e mina las pe ctof}

the

ta le s

con-¢

We

Wm be ls

mh

e ve ntua lly

d m o p i n

cha ra cte tis tk

_wm

In

C h i s tb n

de mtmolos r

"

»

m n

D M 1«

h

a polog«s

re b re d

l o m a s

whe nlhe y

wia hd

tos ta le lba t:

mmma

m .m

m

h ?m l l i a nM

lm

2.

iz M b

ta ile d

mduts 'ba t

m

L

S dlm ldr.

Iudm

mi en

d «

m i=rhe n

Mylhkm-S e pa n U

(1 9 89 ):

lm

n\a s s t«e e s

rm

U

Name

m m

Inde r _{m wnm t=a us pla lle n}

& " m=comple te

a s a e «mmM

m

ml l m

a nd Eube m «

lrdc

tra d h i m

in

_{a ra lm.}

see,

Me

ma ry prM*

m nws of

Mmm

Bdtr

m

Alte nm ns kund« 312 (Be OmdeGruyret, 201 3)· 30L¥¥,tm L

LI* B.

31

m

_{he -ke y mme s " in}

_{the m m m e i a bout tbe}

_{la llm}

_{s e e}

m

_{Seeman, -The} Wa tche rs

Tra ditlm

a nd

m

6 1 4 _(MT

_{a a dLXX),-h}

m

_m

_MJewish a nd Chrls tm tra dJlJm ,

m

A

m

l

IL

me ntz Bmmin

a nd

J .Cm n s

OWnncapo lis: Fonre s s

Prm , 201 4 ), 2 5-38.

32

mrhb

_{a s pm ,}see](evln S Blliva n,

m

Wa tm

Tra dqrm

inJ

Ei m

6 -16 c _{m e Fa ll}

d [