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Breaking Back: uno sguardo dal passato, ovvero, note per una genealogia. Back to the Nineties

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Breaking Back: uno sguardo dal passato, ovvero, note

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* Cinzia Scarpino svolge attività di ricerca presso la cattedra di Cultura angloamericana

dell’Università degli Studi di Milano. Ha pubblicato US Waste. Rifiuti e sprechi d’America (Saggia-tore 2011), saggi di narrativa americana contemporanea e di storia ambientale, ed è co-autrice con M. Maffi, C. Schiavini, M.S. Zangari di Americana. Storie e culture degli Stati Uniti dalla A

alla Z (Saggiatore 2012). Si è inoltre occupata di serie televisive (I Soprano e gli altri, curato con

Donatella Izzo, Shake 2008). Fa parte della redazione di “Ácoma”. Fiorenzo Iuliano è assegnista di ricerca in Letteratura angloamericana presso l’Università di Napoli “L’Orientale”. È autore di

Il corpo ritrovato. Storie e figure della corporeità negli Stati Uniti di fine Novecento (“I libri di

Ácoma”, Shake 2012) e Altri mondi, altre parole. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak tra decostruzione e

impegno militante (Ombrecorte 2012). Fa parte della redazione di “Ácoma”. La prima sezione di

questo saggio (anni Settanta) è opera di Cinzia Scarpino; la seconda (anni Novanta) di Fiorenzo Iuliano.

1 Joan Didion, The White Album, in We Tell Ourselves Stories in Order to Live. Collected

Nonfiction, Everyman’s Library-Alfred A. Knopf, New York 2006, p. 207.

2 Arjun Appadurai, Modernità in polvere: dimensioni culturali della globalizzazione (1996), Meltemi, Roma 2007.

3 Rimando qui al mio Introduzione. L’America in serie (TV), in Donatella Izzo e Cinzia Scarpino, a cura di, I Soprano e gli altri, “Ácoma”, 36 (estate 2008), pp. 5-13.

4 David Allen Case, Domesticating the Enemy: Bewitched and the Seventies Sitcom, in Shelton Waldrep, a cura di, The Seventies. The Age of Glitter in Popular Culture, Routledge, New York 2000, pp. 195-202; David Farber e Beth Baley, a cura di, America in the Seventies, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 2004.

5 Case, Domesticating the Enemy,cit., p. 195.

6 Si veda Stefania Carini, Quality Tv. Narrazione e stile del telefilm nell’età della

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