Prestazioni 198019811983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920001982

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µProc 60%/anno (2X/1.5yr)

DRAM 9%/anno (2X/10 anni) 1

10 100 1000

1980 1981 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

DRAM CPU

1982

Divario di prestazioni Processore-Memoria (cresce 50% / anno)

Prestazioni

Tempo

Legge di Moore

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CPU

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della gerarchia di

memoria ^{Livello 2}

Livello 1

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Registri CPU 100s Bytes

<10s ns

Cache K Bytes 10-100 ns 1-0.1 cents/bit

Memoria centrale M Bytes 200ns- 500ns

$.0001-.00001 cents /bit Disco

G Bytes, 10 ms (10,000,000 ns) 10 - 10 cents/bit-5 -6 Capacità Tempo di accesso Costo

Nastro infinito sec-min 10 -8

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Cache

Memoria

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Istr. Operandi

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Files

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prog./compilatore 1-8 bytes

Controlore cache 8-128 bytes

OS 512-4K bytes

utente Mbytes

Livello superiore

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Address (showing bit positions)

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1021 1022 1023 Tag

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31 30 13 12 11 2 1 0

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12 16

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32 32 32

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35%

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25%

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Miss rate dati

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gcc 1 6.1% 2.1% 5.4%

4 2.0% 1.7% 1.9%

spice 1 1.2% 1.3% 1.2%

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