73 4.6 Conclusioni
Questa ricerca è nata con l’intento di valutare importanti aspetti dell’adattamento psicologico alla SLA, sia nel paziente che nel caregiver, in rapporto al funzionamento familiare.
La prima parte dello studio, relativa alle associazioni tra le variabili indagate, è risultata piuttosto coerente con quanto si ritrova in letteratura relativamente alla Qualità di Vita, alla presenza di depressione e alle strategie di coping di questi pazienti. In particolare, è emersa l’importanza del supporto per il benessere psicologico del paziente, l’assenza di sintomi psicopatologici clinicamente rilevanti, un declino dello stato funzionale non accompagnato da un concomitante peggioramento di variabili psicologiche.
Si sono trovati dati in linea con gli studi effettuati anche relativamente alle ripercussioni del carico assistenziale sul caregiver e alla profonda interdipendenza tra questi e il paziente.
Rispetto all’indagine sulle tipologie di famiglie, si sono ritrovate per lo più strutture familiari categorizzabili come estreme, prevalentemente a causa di alti valori di coesione e adattabilità. Lungi dal risultare necessariamente disfunzionali, queste modalità di interazione intra-familiare, sembrano giustificate dalle caratteristiche della malattia e prevalgono le associazioni con indici positivi di adattamento, in particolare per quanto riguarda la Qualità di Vita e le strategie di coping dei pazienti.
Nel dettaglio, elevati livelli di coesione ed adattabilità familiare sembrano avere un ruolo positivo, facilitando meccanismi di coping considerati maggiormente adattivi, quali pensieri e azioni positive, e diminuire la probabilità di strategie maggiormente negative, quale l’evitamento/sfogo, e di outcome avversi, come depressione.
Ovviamente la numerosità del campione suggerisce cautela nell’interpretazione dei dati, ma nel loro complesso questi dati confermano la necessità di tenere in considerazione le caratteristiche specifiche di malattia come variabile estremamente importante nel valutare l’impatto della malattia medesima e le strategie che la famiglia adotta per farvi fronte.
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96 Ringraziamenti
Ringrazio il Professor Bruno Rossi e il Dottor Paolo Bongioanni per avermi dato la possibilità di svolgere questa ricerca. Ringrazio in particolar modo il Dottor Bongioanni per avermi permesso di affiancarlo in questi mesi, per la cortesia e la disponibilità dimostratemi.
Un grazie particolare al mio relatore, Dottor Francesco Tramonti, per essere sempre stato presente e disponibile, per l’aiuto e per il sostegno.
Ringrazio Chiara per la pazienza e il prezioso aiuto che mi ha dato. Ringrazio Antonella, lei sa perché.
Un ringraziamento alle mie colleghe, ma soprattutto amiche, per i momenti passati insieme in questi anni, all’Università e fuori. Un grazie speciale ad Alessia per essermi stata vicina soprattutto in quest’ultimo periodo e ad Alessandra per esserci stata ed aver sempre trovato una parola giusta di fronte ai miei, puntuali, sconforti pre-esame.
Ringrazio la mia famiglia, per tutto, ma soprattutto per aver sempre rispettato le mie scelte e aver capito l’importanza del “lasciarmi fare”, con la speranza di poterci presto lasciare alle spalle questi ultimi anni.
