Subject Index

Subject Index

A

abdominoplasty 97

abnormal veins, classification 133 acellular allogeneic dermis 98 acetyl hexapeptide-3 25 acromegaly 9

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) 2

actinic – damage 71 – lentigines 39 adapalene 46

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 2

adrenopause 4, 5 aethoxysklerol 152, 153 African American skin 36 aging

– genetic factors 31 – intrinsic aging 33 – of the skin 2, 4

AHA (alpha-hydroxy acid) 23, 58 air plethysmography 149 alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) 23 aluminium oxide crystal particle

76

anaphylaxis 162 andropause 5 angiogenesis 160 anti-aging medicine 2 antioxidant 3, 19, 44 – nutrients 10 apoptosis 2 argirelene 26 argon laser 111

arteriovenous anastomosis 160 ascorbic acid 3, 21, 45

ascorbyl palmitate 20 Asian skin 34 Aspergillus 58 atrophic

– acne scars 116, 121 – scar 71, 113 atrophy 42 autologous – filler 98 – implant 97 – injection 97

B

bacterial infection 118 Baker-Gordon – peel 67

– phenol formula 73 – solution 74 baker’s yeast 25 beta-glucan 24

beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) 24, 61 blister 161

blue peel 65, 67 Botox 89

– Cosmetic 88, 90 – Medical 88 botulinum toxin 83–91 – adverse effects 91

– anatomic considerations 87 – medical applications 85 – outcome 91

bovine collagen 100, 102 Boyd’s perforating vein 131 breast

– lift 97 – reduction 97

Brodie-Trendelenburg test 135, 136

bronchospasm 162

C

calcium hydroxylapatite 104 carbohydrate food 14 carbon dioxide (CO

) laser 111,

117

cardiovascular system 128 carotene 12

– α-carotene 12 – β-carotene 12 carotenodermia 13

carotenoid (see also carotene) 12, 22

Caucasian skin 37 cell senescence 31 chemexfoliation 53–80 chemical peeling 48, 54 – adverse effects 59 – classification 55

– deep chemical peel 72 – glycolic acid 60 – indications 55 – patient’s skin type 59 – treatment 57 chemical resurfacing 54 chemoexfoliant 73 chromophore 112 citric acid 23

Clostridium botulinum 84 Cockett’s perforating vein 131 coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) 21 cold ablation 122 collagen 42, 95, 96, 99 – animal-based 100 – bovine 100, 102 – injectable

color-duplex sonography 165 comedonal acne 64 communicating vein 131 compression

– foam sclerotherapy 153 – stockings 148 continuous wave (CW) – Doppler ultrasound 165 – laser 112

copper 25 Cordran tape 75 corundum crystals 76 cosmetic denervation 88 cosmolecular 19 cough test 134 croton oil 73 cryogen 123 – spray 122 cryotherapy 47 β-cryptoxanthin 12

cultured human fibroblast 97 cutaneous

– infection 161 – necrosis 161, 162 cytokines 43

D deep

– chemical peel 72

– – adverse effects 75

– vein thrombosis 137 – venous insufficiency 138 – venous system 128, 129 – venous thrombosis 134, 138 dermabrasion 77

dermatochalasis 113

dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) 36, 39

diet 3, 4

dietary reference intake (DRI) 10 dimethylsiloxanes 105

discrete hyperpigmentation 39, 40

DNA helicase 31

double-syringe system (DSS) 153 dual porosity expanded

polytetrafluoroethylene 107 duplex

– ultrasound examination 137 – venous scanning 138 dyschromia 68 dyspigmentation 38 Dysport 88

E

edema 63, 160 elastin 42 elastosis 43 endocrine system 4 energy density 112 epidermal

– atrophy 41 – exfoliation 65, 67

– growth factor receptor (EGF-R) 44

epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) 21

epinephrine 162

erbium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er-YAG) laser 114, 117 erythema 117

erythropoietic photoporphyria 13 estimated average requirement

(EAR) 10 estrogen 4, 5

ethanolamine oleate 151 ethnic skin consideration 72 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene

107

F

facelift 97 fat

– compartment 7 – hypertrophy 6 – transfer 97

fat autograft muscle injection (FAMI) 96, 97

femoral vein 129, 150 Fitzpatrick’s classification 56 flat wart 75

5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 60, 61, 64 foam

– sclerosant 151 – sclerotherapy 158, 165 follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

2

folliculitis 161 free radical 32 frosting 69

G

gastrocnemius vein 138 genistein 44

GH (growth hormone) 2, 6 – secretagogue 8 – therapy 9 – – side effects 9

GHD (growth hormone deficiency) 6

– syndrome 7 glabellar folds 86

Glogau’s classification 56, 57, 67 glutaraldehyde 103

glutathione (GSH) 3 – peroxidase 13 glycemic index (GI) 14 glycolic acid 60, 61, 68, 69, 79 good manufacturing practice

(GMP) 78 Gore-Tex implant 107 grapeseed polyphenol 22 green tea polyphenol 21 growth factor 43

growth hormone (GH) 2, 6 – deficiency (GHD) 6

– releasing hormone (GHRH) 6 – releasing peptides (GHRPs) 8

H

hemagglutinin 84 hemoglobin 118 hemostasis 115

herpes simplex infection 70, 73, 118

human fibroblast cell 102 Hunterian/Dodd’s perforating vein

131 hyaluronic – acid 97, 103 – viscoelastic gel 103 hydroquinone 47, 57, 58, 60, 68

4-hydroxyanisole 47 hyperglycemia 9 hyperhidrosis 84

hyperkeratotic skin disorders 64 hyperkinetic muscles 83 hypermelanosis 30

hyperpigmentation 5, 34, 36, 46, 63, 117, 160

– discrete 39, 40 – mottled 39, 40

hypertrophic scarring 59, 70, 75 hypomelanosis 30, 36, 41 hyposomatomedinemia 7

I

idebenone 21 IGF-1 8, 9 implant 106

inflammatory acne 64 injectable

– autologous collagen 96 – fillers 96

– – cadaver-derived 96 insulin 14

– tolerance test (ITT) 7 intense pulse light (IPL) 48 – source 118

intrinsic aging 33 isotretinoin 12, 23, 77 ITT (insulin tolerance test) 7

J

Jessner’s peel 64 JNK phosphorylation 45

K

keratinocytes 42 keratokoagulation 69 Kligman’s formula 58 kojic acid 58

L

lactic acid 23, 68 laser

– argon 111 – chromophore 112 – CO

111

– continuous wave (CW) 112 – energy density 112 – pulse duration 112 – skin resurfacing 111–124 – – adverse effects 117 Subject Index

168

– therapy 47 – wavelength 112 leptin 6

LH (luteinizing hormone) 2 lidocaine 74

light-reflection rheography (LRR) 149

lipoatrophy 95, 97 lipoic acid 21 liquid

– nitrogen 47 – sclerotherapy 158

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 10

Luer-Lock connection 153, 154 luteinizing hormone (LH) 2 lyophilized human particulate

fascia lata 98

M

MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinase 32

– pathway 44

matrix-metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) 18

Matrixyl 26

medium-depth peel 66 – adverse effects 70 – outcome 71 melanin 36, 118 melanocytes 33, 42, 43 melanophages 42 melanosomes 39 melasma 47, 54, 64 menopause 5 micelle 154

microdermabrasion 48, 76 – adverse effects 78 microfoam

– sclerosant 158 – tape 161 microimplants 106 midinfrared laser 119

mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase 32

MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase- 1) 18

Monfreux method 154, 157 mottled hyperpigmentation 39,

40

Myobloc 88, 89, 91

N

N-acetyl cystein (NAC) 44 natural

– fats 4

– moisturing factor (NMF) 18 Nd:YAG 532 laser 48

neocollagenesis 113, 122 nerve damage 163

neuromuscular junction (NMJ) 84

neuropeptide Y (NPY) 6 niacinamide 23 nicotinamide 23 nonablative

– laser skin resurfacing 118 – radiofrequency 122 nutrition 3, 4

O

Omnifix syringe 153, 154, 157 open needle 158

oxidation 3

P

palmitoyl pentapeptide 25 panthenol 23

paraesthesia 163

PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) 26

Penicillium 58 peptide 25 percussion test 135 perforating vein 131 permanent filler 105 Perthes’ test 135 phenol 73 – peeling 67

phenyl-butyl nitrone (PBN) 19 phlebitis 148

photoaging 29–49 photodamage 30, 41, 79 photoplethysmography (PPR)

149

photoprotection 20 phytoestrogen 4 pigmentary

– changes 29–49, 59 – dyschromia 71

pigmented seborrheic keratoses 34

pink sign 67 pituitary lesion 7

platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 26

polidocanol 152, 162 polyhydroxy acid (PHA) 24 poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) 97, 103 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

microsphere 104 polyphenol 21

– grapeseed 22 – green tea 21

polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) 107

– expanded (ePTFE) 107 polyunsaturated fatty acid 11 popliteal vein 129, 137

postinflammatory hyperpigmenta- tion (PIH) 54

postpeel

– hypopigmentation 70 – management 69

postsclerosis hyperpigmentation 147

postsclerotherapy 159, 162 – compression 150 prepeel rejuvenation 58 procyanidin 22 progeria 31 prolactin 6

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 5 provitamin B

23

Pseudomonas aerugionosa 75 pulmonary emboli 163 pulse duration 112 pulsed dye laser 118 pyruvic acid 67

Q

Q-switched laser 48

R

recommended dietary allowance (RDA) 10

residual thermal necrosis 113 Restylane 94

retinoic

– acid receptor (RAR) 23 – X receptor (RXR) 23 retinoid 45

– acid 68 retinol 23

retinyl palmitate 23 retrograde sclerotherapy 151

S

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 24 salicylic acid 60–62 saphenous vein 128, 137 – accessory 130 scarring 118 Schwartz test 135 sclerosing – agent 146

Subject Index 169

– – tensioactive 154 – foam 150 sclerosis 136 sclerotherapy 127–164 – allergic reactions 159, 162 – compression foam 153 – foam sclerotherapy 158 – indications 132

– intraarterial injection 163 – liquid sclerotherapy 158 – nerve damage 163 – sclerosing agents 146 – telangiectasia 143 – ultrasound-guided 149 – varicose veins 148 Sculptra 95

seborrheic keratosis 35 selenium 13, 22 selenomethionine 22 selenosis 14

semipermanent filler 104 septisol 73

silicone oil 97, 106 – viscosity 105 skin

– aging 2, 4 – color 42 – polishing 77

– respiratory factor (SRF) 24 – type 56

– – Fitzpatrick’s classification 56

– – Glogau’s classification 56, 57 SNAP-25 protein 84

sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) 149

soft tissue augmentation 93–108 solar lentigines 34, 36, 39, 40, 44 solid carbon dioxide 66 somatopause 4, 6 somatostatin 6 soy protein 4 spin traps 19

spot peel 72 Staphylococcus 75 stratum

– corneum (SC) 18, 41 – granulosum 42 – lucidum 41, 42 Streptococcus 75, 103 striated muscle relaxation 84 sun exposure 35, 70 superficial

– skin resurfacing 53–80 – varicose vein 134 – venous insufficiency 138 – venous system 129 superoxide dismutase 25

T

tartaric acid 23 tazarotene 46

TCA (trichloroacetic acid) 48, 65, 66

telangiectasia 140 telangiectatic

– matting (TM) 147, 160 – vein 128

telomerase 32 telomeres 2, 31, 32 temporary fillers 100

tensioactive sclerosing agent 154 Tessari technique 153, 157 testosterone supplementation 5 thrombophlebitis 162

tissue – anoxia 162

– respiratory factor (TRF) 24 tocopherol 19

– α-tocopherol 11, 45 – – acetate 20 total body peel 69 transepidermal moisture loss

(TEWL) 18

tretinoin 23, 46, 47, 60

trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 48, 65, 66

twin syringe 152

U upper

– facial muscles 87 – intake level (UL) 10 urticaria 161 UV damage 32 UVA/UVB radiation 36

V

Valsalva maneuver 137 varicose vein 128, 140, 148, 160 – development 133

varicosity 134 vasovagal reflex 161 venipuncture 151 venous

– claudication 134 – Doppler ultrasound 136 – system 128

– – of the lower leg 128 – valvular system 131 vessel recurrence 161 vitamin

– A 3, 12 – – retinoid 22 – C 10–12, 20, 45 – E 11, 19

W

Werner’s syndrome 31 Wood’s lamp 65 Subject Index

170