A
aberrant ACTH secretion syndrome 77 abnormal serum lipid concentration 242 ACC 41
accessory
– adrenal gland 10
– subhepatic adrenal vein 308 accutane 219
acne 78 ACTH 36, 75
Addison’s disease 1, 2, 293 adenoma 127
adenylatecyclase activating peptide 38 adjuvant therapy with mitotane 140 adrenal
– artery 178, 317 – biopsy 41, 235 – blood flow 33 – blood supply 33 – capillary 34 – carcinoma 45, 245 – core biopsy 41 – cortex 23, 33
– cortical hyperplasia 260 – cyst 223, 242
– disease 58, 75 – function 1 – gland 7, 77, 202
– – relationship to the kidney 10 – – anatomy 325
– hyperplasia 127–129, 161 – imaging 41
– incidentaloma 132, 261 – – adrenal biopsy 235
– – aldosterone-producing adenoma 233 – – clinical importance 232
– – cortisol-producing adenoma 233 – – cost effectiveness 237
– – pheochromocytoma 232 – – prevalence 231
– – surgical approaches 236 – – tumor markers 235 – insufficiency 1 – – treatment 1 – medulla 33
– scintigraphy 71 – steroidogenesis 37 – surgery 41, 72 – tumor 41
– vein 10, 178, 184, 185, 317 – venous sampling 48, 115, 128, 129
adrenalectomy 2, 4, 72, 108, 128, 129, 183, 255, 256 – complications 331
adrenaline 3, 35 adrenaloma 41, 241
adrenal-sparing surgery 199, 275 α-adrenergic blockade 206 β-adrenergic blockade 206 adrenocortical
– adenoma 45
– carcinoma (ACC) 116, 127, 129, 260 – – in children 261
– growth 37
– hyperplasia 127, 128 – scintigraphy 50 adrenomedullary 50 aldosterone 127, 289
– aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) 118
– aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) 117, 128, 233
aldosteronism (see also Conn’s syndrome) 48, 127 alpha-adrenoreceptor blocker 288
alpha-blocker 51, 183 alpha-methyltyrosine 192 ambiguous genitalia 104 aminoglutehimide 170 amitriptyline 52 androgen 160
– androgen-producing adrenal neoplasm 159 androstenedion 160
anesthetic gas 288 angiography 43 angiotensin 37 – II receptor 37 anterior
– transperitoneal operation 4 – incision 4
– lateral operation 4 – retroperitoneal operation 4 antihypertension 288, 290
APA 117
arginine vasopressin 20 ARR 118
arterial
– hypertension 69 – supply 10
aspiration precaution 292 autologous stem cell rescue 219 avary 77
B BAH 117 baroreceptor 36 – function 290 BDNF 217 benign
– adrenal lesion 42 – thymic hyperplasia 77 benzodiazepine 288, 290 Bernard, Claude 1
beta-adrenoreceptor blocker 288 beta-blocker 51, 183
bilateral
– adrenal hyperplasia (BAH) 117 – adrenalectomy 81
– gynecomastia 168 – hyperplasia 129
– inferior petrosal sinus sampling 80 – pheochromocytoma 275
– subcostal operation 4 – total adrenalectomy 195 biochemical evaluation 41 bisacodyl 51, 52
bone marrow
– aspirate/biopsy 213 – disease 213 borderline 47
brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 217 brainstem 36
bronchial carcinoid 77
Brown-Séquard, Charles Édouard 1 buffalo hump 78
C
CAH 101, 161
calcium channel blocker 51, 52, 183, 207 capsular arterial plexus 33
carcinoid tumor 75 cardiac output 295 cardiomyopathy 287 Carney complex 260 Carney triad 204 carotid bodies 258 – paraganglioma 259
catecholamine 37, 178, 180, 202, 287 – assay 3
– hypersecretion 201 – synthesis inhibitor 206 caval venous sampling 2
CD 75 central
– adrenal vein 33
– (inferior petrosal) to peripheral (C/P) plasma ACTH gradient 80
– fat deposition 243 cerebellin 38
chemical shift (CSI) technique 44 chemotherapy 81
children’s oncology group (COG) 214 chromaffin
– cell 36, 178 – tissue 202, 287 – tumor 51 chromogranin A 179 chromosome 17 (17q+) 217
cisretinoid acid (see also accutane) 219 clinically inapparent adrenal mass 241 CLIP 76
clitoris hypertrophy 167 cocaine 52
COG 214 colon 77 compliance 295
computed tomography (CT) 2, 3, 41, 44, 152, 180, 181, 186, 202
– scan 182, 184, 242
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) 101, 161 congestive heart failure 289
Conn’s syndrome 2, 48, 289 conservative management 248 contralateral adrenal gland 43
contra-sexual prococious pseudopuberty (see also pseudohermaphroditism masculinus) 161 contrast CT 44
cortex 1 cortical
– adenoma 2, 242 – arteriole 33 – blood flow 33 – extract 1 cortical-sparing – adrenalectomy 341 – group 197 corticosteroid 37
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) 20, 36, 71 – stimulation test 79
cortisol 37, 57
– cortisol-producing adenoma 233 cortisone 1
cortrosyn stimulation testing 198 CRH 71, 75
– stimulation test 79 Cushing, Harvey 2
Cushing’s disease (see Cushing’s syndrome) Cushing’s syndrome 2, 48, 57, 75, 78, 260, 291 – cycling CD 78
– subclinical 67, 242, 244 cytological differentiation 42
D
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 160 deoxycorticosterone 2
desmopressin test 79 detection of malignancy 41 dexamethasone 79 – suppression 51, 70 DHEA 160
DHEA-S hormonal marker 144 diabetes mellitus
– type 2 242 difficult airway 291 dihydrotestosteron 160 diuretics 51
diurnal cortisol rhythm 71 DNA content 216
DOC secreting tumor 116 dopamine 36, 213 – β-hydroxylase 36 dorsal lumbotomy 341 doxazosin 288 dumbbell tumor 212
duodenal carcinoid tumor 257 dynamic gadolinium 44
E
E2F transcription factor 77 ecchymoses 78
ectopic
– ACTH syndrome 75 – corticotroph syndrome 77 – Cushing’s syndrome 75 electrolyte abnormality 289 embryology 178
emissary vein 341 emphysema 295 endobag 324
endogenous hypercortisolism 75 end-organ damage 287
endoscopic adrenalectomy 43 ephedrine 52
epidural
– anesthesia 292 – hematoma 294 – technique 294 epinephrine 178, 179, 253 – isolation 1
episodic hypertension 202 eplerenon 129
esmolol 207 essential à la vie 1 estradiol E2 160 estriol 160 estrogen 160
– estrogen-producing adrenal neoplasm 159 – estrogen-producing adrenal tumor 166 estrone E1 160
etomidate 290, 293
Eustachius, Bartholomaeus 1
extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma 181 extracellular volume 289
extubation 293 F
familial
– hyperaldosteronism 127 – paraganglioma 202, 204 – syndrome 177
FDG 53
fine needle aspiration (FNA) 41, 180, 246 – biopsy 145, 153
flank incision 4 fludrocortisol 127
fludrocortisone suppression test 115 fluid retention 289
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) 53 – PET 246
flutamide 170
fractionated urinary catecholamine 196 functional
– hyperandrogenism 168 – residual capacity 295 functioning malignancy 143 G
ganglioneuroblastoma 211 ganglioneuroma 211, 242 gas embolism 295 gastrocolic ligament 299 GD2 219
gene expression 75 general
– anesthesia 292
– – endotracheal 288, 290 genetic screening 4, 252 germ-like mutation 252 Gerota’s fascia 306, 311 glucocorticoid 23, 36, 51, 57 – remediable aldosteronism 127 – replacement therapy 73 – therapy 291
glucose
– intolerance 291 – tolerance 242 gonadal axis 24 gonadotropin
– gonadotropin-dependent androgen 166
– gonadotropin-responsive androgen-producing adrenal adenoma 167
growth axis 25 H
hamartoma 242 helical scanning 44 hemangioma 227, 242 hematoma 242 hemodynamic 288 – depression 294 – monitoring 288
hemorrhage 294 hepatic
– arterial embolization 81 – metastases 81
hereditary paraganglioma 201
high dose dexamethasone suppression test 79 high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) 3 high-resolution ultrasonography 242
hirsutism 167
Homer-Wright rosette 216 homovanillic acid (HVA) 213 Hounsfield Unit (HU) 44 HPA 19
hydrocortison 170 – replacement 292
11C-hydroxyephedrine 253 11-β-hydroxylase 37 hyperaldosteronism 127, 128 hypercortisolism 48 hyperpigmentation 78 hypertension 78, 201, 242 – abnormality 2
hypertensive crisis 42, 179, 207 hypocortisolism 70, 293, 294 hypokalemia 78, 116, 127, 290 hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis 78 hypotension 208
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) 19
hypoventilation 292 hypovolemia 287
I idiopathic
– aldosteronism 48 – hyperandrogenism 168 imipramine 52
immune system 23 immunotherapy 81, 219
impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes 78 incidental nephrectomy 217
incidentaloma 4, 41, 67, 124, 179, 241 incisional biopsy of the primary tumor
213
induction agent 290 inferior
– adrenal 10
– border of the pancreas 300 – vena cava 305, 314 inhalational
– agent 295 – anesthetic 292 innervation 11, 36 – of the adrenal cortex 35
111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy 81 insufflation of CO2 295
insulin resistance 242 interfering drug 51, 52 internal secretion 1
international neuroblastoma
– pathology classification system 216 – staging system 215
interomediolateral column 35 intravenous drug 289, 292
invasive hemodynamic monitoring 293 iodine cholesterol scintigraphy 129
131I-19-iodocholesterol (NP-59) 50 iodocholesterol adrenal scan 152
131I-6β-iodomethyl-norcholesterol 50 irradiation 81
isolated adrenal metastasis 154
isosexual prococious pseudopuberty 161
K
ketaconazole 81, 170 kidney 314
Kocher maneuver 304 Kulchitsky cell 77
L
laparatomic access 145 laparoscopic
– adrenal surgery 115
– adrenalectomy 81, 155, 169, 185, 186 – approach 292, 294
– lateral transabdominal adrenalectomy 325
– – technique 326
– partial adrenal resection 275 – surgery 146
– ultrasonography 341 laparoscopy 255 – bilateral 255 lateral
– incision with 11th rib removal 4 – right decubitus position 321 laxatives 51, 52
left adrenal gland 10, 300 – relationship 11 left colonic flexure 322 leiomyoma 242 lesser sac 299 letrozole 170
Liddle’s syndrome 117 lidocaine 207
lienorenal ligament 299 Li-Fraumeni 246 Linos formula 245 lipid solubility 292 liver 77
local
– anesthetic 289 – recurrence 143 localization 2, 80, 202 long arm of chromosome – 11 (11q-) 217 – 14 (14q-) 217 low HDL 243
lung 77
lymphangioma 228 lymphatic drainage 11 lymphoma 78
M
macronodular hyperplasia 48 macroscopic venous invasion 137
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 41, 44, 152, 180 malignancy 43, 186
malignant
– adrenal lesion 42 – pheochromocytoma 48 – tumor 4
maternal/paternal imprinting 258 Mayo, Charles 3
mediastinal paraganglioma 78 medulla 1, 10
medullary – artery 33 – hyperplasia 253 – neuron 35 – rays 34
– thyroid cancer (MTC) 4, 77, 177, 252 melanoma 78
mesoderma 78 metabolic – abnormality 2 – syndrome 69 metabolism 26
meta-iodo-benzylguanidine (MIBG) 3, 51, 180, 186, 213
– 123I-labeled 51, 186, 202 – scan 190
metanephrine 180, 202 metastase to the adrenal 151
11C-metomidate 253 – PET 53
α-methyl-L-tyrosine (see also metyrosine) 206 metyrapone 81
metyrosine 206
micronodular hyperplasia 48 middle adrenal artery 10 midnight
– cortisol 79 – salivary cortisol 70 mineralocorticoid 115, 291 – excess syndrome 115 – hormone 144
minimally invasive technique for adrenalectomy 4 mitochondrial complex II 258
mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI) 216 mitotane 81, 145, 170
monitoring 293
mononuclear leukocyte 77 moon facies 78
morbid obesity 291
MRI 3, 152, 180, 181, 186, 202, 242 βMSH 76
MTC 177
multidetector CT 44 multiplanar imaging 48
multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 177, 204, 288
– 2A/2B 4, 51, 195, 252, 260 muscle
– atrophy 78 – weakness 290 MYCN 217
myelolipoma 225, 242 myxoma 260
N
needle biopsy 136
neoplastic hyperandrogenism 168 nephrotoxicity 291
nerve growth factor (NGF) 217 neuraxial blockade 288 neuroblastoma 77, 78 – age of diagnosis 215
– amplification of the MYCN oncogene 214 – clinical presentation 211
– diagnosis 213 – familial 213 – high risk 214, 219 – histology 214, 215 – intermediate risk 214, 219 – low risk 214, 219 – prevention 220
– quantitative DANN content of the tumor (ploidy) 214
– risk factors 213, 214 – 4S 217
– staging 214
– surgical aspects of treatment 217 – treatment by risk group 219 – vaccine 219
neurofibroma 242
neurofibromatosis (NF1) 177, 178, 257 – risk of pheochromocytoma 257 – type 1 204
neuromuscular blocker 290, 291 neurotrophin-3 217
NGF 217 nicardipine 207 nitroprusside 207 nitrous oxide 289 nodular hyperplasia 242 non-functioning tumor 41, 145 non-hyperfunctioning nodule 129 non-screening adrenocortical adenoma 4 nonsteroidal analgesic 293
noradrenaline 3, 35
norepinephrine 51, 178, 179, 256 normetanephrine 196
NP-59 scintigraphy 134 NSAIDS 294
nucleus suprachiasmaticus 35
O
obesitiy 69, 78, 242
occult ectopic ACTH syndrome 78 octreotide 81
– scanning 192 OMA 212 omentum 299
open adrenalectomy 185
open anterior left adrenalectomy 299 opioid 290, 294
opsoclomus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMA) 212 organ of Zuckerkandl 178, 180, 189
osteoporosis 78, 290, 292
ovarian uterine cervix carcinoma 77 Overt Cushing’s syndrome 72
P
p53 germ-like mutation 261 pain management 294 pancreas 78
pancreatic islet cell 77 paraganglia 178, 204, 251 – chromaffin-negative 251 – chromaffin-positive 251
paraganglioma 51, 189, 197, 201, 258 – carotid body 251
– chemodectoma 251 – surgery 259 paralysis 289
paraventricular nucleus 35 paravertebral ganglia 211 paroxysm 201
partial adrenal resection 275 patient-controlled analgesia 294 perioperative
– complication 293 – use of cortisone 2
peripheral vascular resistance 295 peritoneal implant 146
PET 53, 152, 181, 182 pharmacological
– control of blood pressure 3 – treatment 81
phenoxybenzamine 191, 206, 288 phentolamine 3, 207
phenylephrine 52
phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 36 phenylpropanolamine 52
pheochromocytoma 3, 42, 51, 77, 189, 195, 232, 242, 251, 253, 287, 341
– adrenalectomy 255 – epidemiolgy 177
– extra-adrenal 251, 256, 258 – norepinephrine secreting 258 – surgical treatment 255 phlebography 2 Pick 3
placenta 77
plasma metanephrine 189, 191, 196, 202, 256
pleura 310
pneumomediastinum 295 pneumoperitoneum 294 pneumothorax 293, 295 polycythemia 287 POMC
– gene 75 – – expression 75 – mRNA 75
port site metastases 143
positron emission tomography (PET) 53, 134, 152, 204, 253 posterior
– approach 4
– retroperitoneal endoscopy 4 postganglionic noradrenergic fiber 35 postoperative
– care 115, 185 – FST 124 – recovery 294 potassium iodid 51
preganglionic cholinergic axon 34 premature pubarche 167
preoperative treatment 290 prevertebral plexus 35 primary
– aldosteronism 2, 115, 127 – hyperaldosteronism 289
– pigmented adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) 260 PRKARIA gene 260
prohormone convertase 76 prone position 309 propranolol 206 prostate cancer 77 pseudocyst 225 pseudoephrine 52 pseudohermaphroditism – femininus 161 – masuclinus 161 psychiatric disturbance 78 pulmonary hypertension 291 purple striae 78
R
radiation therapy 219 radiological
– evaluation 41 – imaging 43
radiopharmaceutical 50 Recklinghausen’s – disease 257
– neurofibromatosis 51
recurrent pheochromocytoma 181 renal perfusion 295
renin 119, 127
– renin-angiotensin-aldactone-system 51 repeat operation 143
replacement cortisone therapy 2 resection of the 12th rib 309 reserpine 52
respiratory complication 294 RET proto-oncogene 195, 205, 252 – genetic testing 253
– intracellular mutation 253 – mutation in codon 634 253 – mutation on chromosome 10 4 – risk of pheochromocytoma 253 – tyrosine kinase receptor 252 retroperitoneal gas insufflation 2 retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy 169 right adrenal
– gland 10, 14 – vein 305–307
right laparoscopic adrenalectomy 313 roof-top 4
Roux, Cesar 3
S
sacrospinalis muscle 309 Satinsky vascular clamp 307 scintigraphy 2, 129
screening 179 SDH 204 SDHB 204 SDHC 204 SDHD 204
– gene mutation 258 secretory diarrhea 212 selective
– adrenal venous sampling 2 – venous catheterization – – of the adrenal 169 – – of the ovarian 169
75Se-selenonocholesterol 50 – scintigraphy 41
semiquantitative adrenal imaging technique 42 sensory parasympathetic 36
sex determination 167 sexual hormone 144
short arm of chromosome (1p-) 217
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) 53, 182
skin 77 sleep apnea 291 small cell – lung cancer 75
– neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus 77 somatostatin receptor subtype 81
SPECT 53, 182 spell 201 spinal cord 34 – compression 219
spironolactone 51, 127, 129, 290 splanchnic nerve 35
spleen 77 sporadic lesion 51
stage 4S neuroblastoma 215 staging system 143 sternotomy 146
steroid
– hormone 144 – myopathy 291
Sturge-Weber syndrome 51 subcapsular arterial plexus 33 subclinical
– pheochromocytoma 244 – primary aldosteronism 245
submyeloablative allogenic bone marrow transplant 219 subtotal adrenalectomy 169, 275
succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) 204, 258 superior adrenal artery 10
supine 303
suppression test 115 suprarenal tumor 2 surgical
– approach 41 – gold standard 4 – strategy 43, 137 – treatment 41
surgically curable primary aldosteronism 115 sympathetic
– discharge 288 – motor 36
– nervous system 33, 251 – sensory innervation 36 sympathoadrenal system 36
T
T1/T2-weighted axial image 44 tamoxifen 170
tandem transplant 219 teratoma 242
testis 77 testosterone 160
thoracoabdominal incision 218, 303 thoraco-phreno-abdominal 145 thoracoscopy 146
Thornton, Knowsley 2 thymic carcinoid 77 thymus 77
thyroid 77 – blockade 50, 52 TIVA 295
total intravenous technique (TIVA) 295 total metanephrine 196
trans-diaphragmatic 4
transesophageal echocardiography 293 transperitoneal laparascopic approach 4 transpleural 4
transverse mesocolon 299 tricyclic antidepressant 52 TrkA/B/C 217
true cyst 224 tumor 75
– extra-adrenal 252 – localization 180 – multifocal 252 – size 43, 245
tumorlet 77 tyrosine
– hydroxylase 36 – kinase receptor 217
U
ubiquinone oxidoreductase 204 ultrasonography 43
upper vertical midline incision 303 urinary
– catecholamine 256 – free cortisol 71, 79
V
vagal tone 295
vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) 213 vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) 212 vasopressin (V3) receptor 77
vasopressor 289 venography 145 venous bypass 146 ventilation 292
ventricular dysfunction 287 ventromedial hypothalamus 37
VIP 212 virilism 168 virilization 167
visual analogue pain score 294 VMA 213
volatile anesthetic 289
von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) 51, 177, 178, 195, 202, 255, 341
– chromosome 3p25-26 256 – functioning protein 256 – tumor suppressor 205
– type 1 without pheochromocytoma 255 – type 2 with pheochromocytoma 255
Y
young curvilinear incision 309
Z
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 78 zona
– reticularis 10, 35 – fasciculata 10, 35 – glomerulosa 10, 35 Zuckerkandl 202
