C B A Subject Index

(1)

A

abrasion 86, 361

abrasive wear 41, 52, 91, 362, 371, 374

Accuris knee system 318, 320 ACL 21, 121, 151

– ACL-deficient knee 133, 293 – ACL-retaining fixed-bearing

130, 133

– ACL-sparing knee prosthesis 146

– deficiency 134, 318 active robot 264 activity level 393 adhesion 361 adhesive – fatigue 86

– wear 52, 88, 91, 371, 374 Advance Medial-Pivot 104 Advantim knee 103 alignment 25, 165 – error 165 allergic response 372 allergy 343, 347

allograft extensor mechanism 62

all-polyethylene – component 237 – tibial component 137, 226 alumina 373

analgesic gap 384

anatomic graduated component (AGC) 101

– knee 102 anatomical – alignment 29, 165 – axes 25 ankyloses 338

ankylosing spondylitis (AS) 8 anterior

– build-up 141, 142 – clearance 192

– cruciate ligament (ACL) 15, 19, 121, 141, 303, 322

– cruciate-deficient knee 144 – dislocation 218

– knee pain 57, 59, 65, 143, 254, 304

– liftoff 189

– overstuffing 188, 394 – reference 97, 117, 189, 191 – resection stylus 277 – sliding 146 – stability 190 anterior-posterior (AP) – axis (APA) 38, 167, 174, 232,

255, 278, 402 – drawer test 99 – gliding

– – meniscal-bearing 185

– – mobile-bearing 186 – instability 186 – laxity 98

– translation 126, 149 anteversion 23

antibody-mediated response 348

arthritis 3 arthrocentesis 4 articular spacer 236 aseptic loosening 30, 71, 91,

335, 338, 370 autologous cartilage

transplantation 403 auto-passivation 343 avascular necrosis 323 Avon patellofemoral joint 333 axial rotation 127, 133, 151

B

backside – tibial wear 178

– wear 51, 52, 54, 86, 178, 217, 369

balancer 213

ball-and-socket joint 315 bearing

– dislocation 111 – mobility 111 – surface 51 – – material 401 bicruciate-retaining 293 – total knee arthroplasty 291,

292 biocompatibility 344, 353, 372

biological transmission 14 bisurface knee 314 – prosthesis 312 body mass indices 383 bone

– bone-cement interface 337 – bone-implant interface 102 – bone-prosthesis interface 69 – bone-referenced technique

184 – debris 347 – morphology 18, 19 – scan 15

bony architecture 19 botox injection 197 burnishing 86

C

cadaver model 152

calcium

– pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal 5, 10 – stearate 46 – – inclusion 374 cam-and-post 94 – engagement 131, 136 – impingement 55

– mechanism 37, 40, 55, 94, 131, 142, 145, 296, 303, 309, 403 cam-spine mechanism 70 canal-filling stem 336 CAOS 241

capture mechanism 368, 369 carbon-fiber reinforcement 48 carbon-reinforced polyethylene

53 cardiovascular fitness 393 Carrell-Virgin knee cap 344 cartilage articulation 375 CAS 247, 402

CASPAR system 264, 267 Caucasian knee 21 cement 105

– cement-bone interface 70 – cement-prosthesis interface 70 – disease 345

– failure 225

– knee arthroplasty 200 – technique 223, 262

cementless fixation 101, 200, 225 center

– of gravity 25

– of rotation 118, 119, 143 ceramic 370

chain scission 353 Charcot-like arthropathy 338 chondrocalcinosis 320 classical alignment 29, 165 classical cut 22

Cloutier 293 – prosthesis 121, 123 – total knee prostheses 293 cobalt sensitivity 348 cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloy

45, 343, 347, 371 coefficient of friction 376 cold flow 54, 86 columetric wear 109 co-morbidity 382 component – malposition 22 – oversizing 30

compression molding 47, 353 – insert 86

computer-assisted – navigation 241, 264, 401 – surgery 241, 402 – total knee arthroplasty 168 condylar

– liftoff 143, 315 – pivot position 128

conforming – design 87 – insert 181

conformity 53, 69, 85, 87, 88, 126, 130, 137, 367 conjoined tendon 18 constrained – condylar – – design 85 – – implant 87

– – knee prosthesis (CCK) 70, 77, 85, 88, 100, 202

– device 203 – prosthesis 28

constraint 69, 74, 85, 87, 218, 221, 291, 296, 366 – testing 300 contact – area 41 – stress 53, 75, 88 continuous

– epidural analgesia 390 – passive motion (CPM) 386,

389, 390 – – machine 197 contracture 18 controlled motion 297 coronal

– alignment 247, 249, 251 – plane reference 27 coronary ligament 19 corrective osteotomy 205 corrosion 372

corticosteroid 198 counterface roughness 363 COX-2 inhibitor 385, 390 crack

– growth 358 – propagation 358, 361 – – resistance 354, 359 cracking 374 creep 49, 86, 395 cross-legged sitting 311 cross-linking 45, 354

– polyethylene 48, 110, 354, 401 – UHMWPE 354, 361

cruciate – deficiency 141 – retaining (CR) 382 – – design 40, 76 – – knee 87 – – prostheses 85 – – TKA 40 – sacrificing 76 – substituting 76

crystal-induced arthritis 3, 10 crystallinity 48, 347, 353, 356,

357 curvature 21 cyclic fatigue 41 cytokine 12 cytotoxicity 372

Subject Index

(2)

D

deep

– flexion 41, 130, 315 – knee 159

– – bend 127, 130, 133, 146, 145, 148, 292, 394

– vein thrombosis 389, 390 deep-dish 181

– design 70 deformity 81

delamination 47, 51, 52, 86, 87, 91, 92, 353, 361, 374 demoral translation 40 density 353

disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) 7

dished bearing surface 295 dislocation 220

– safety factor 314 distal

– femoral joint line 25 – resection stylus 277 dome 229

– dome-shaped patella 59, 62 – patellar component 229 double-dishing 297 downhill walking 395 downsizing 184, 189, 191 down-sloping 97 DRB 242

drop and dangle 389 ductility 353, 354 durability 394 DVT 382 dwell point 296

dynamic reference base 242

E

E knee 214

early-flexion instability 96 eczematous rash 348 edge loading 87, 299 effusion 93, 98 elastic modulus 353–355 electronic

– balancer 214 – knee prosthesis 282 ENDO model 336 – rotating hinge 335 enthesitis 8 envelope function 14 epicondylar

– axis 26, 58, 154, 167, 207, 278, 402

– line 19, 20 epidural analgesia 385 etanercept 199 ethylene oxide 52 EtO sterilization 52

excessive external rotation 254 execution error 250

extension

– extension-flexion gap balancing 188

– facet 35 – gap 202, 218 – space 96, 189 – – balancing 188 extensor – lag 194 – mechanism 23 – – problem 228 external – malrotation 22 – rotation 18

extra-articular deformity 83, 165, 205

extramedullary – alignment 27, 166, 248 – – reference 27 – guide 261 – instrumentation 165 – technique 229, 279 – tibial guide 236 extrinsic stability 74

F

fat

– embolization 229 – pad 218

– – impingement 192 fatigue 52

– crack propagation 353, 358 – resistance 357

– strength 347, 373

– wear 87, 91, 361, 362, 374, 401 femoral

– anatomical axis 251 – anteversion 23 – block 390 – component – – malalignment 30 – – malrotation 190 – – rotation 255

– condylar liftoff 126, 128, 137, 148

– epicondylar axis 155 – housing 297 – mechanical axis 251 – notching 266

– roll-back 38, 107, 108, 157, 190, 303

– rotational alignment 26 – shaft axis 165 – sizing guide 277 – sliding 118 – trochlear groove 19 femorotibial mismatch 257 fibrous tissue pseudocapsule 344 fiducial marker 264

finite element analysis 137, 37 Finn 336

fixed – bearing 74

– – ACR 134 – – implant 107 – – knee 217 – – PCR (+PCL) 134 – – PS 134 – – TKA 126 – – UKA 236

– flexion contracture 31 flat-on-flat design 137, 181 flexion 182

– axis 154

– contracture 76, 194, 197, 202, 207, 270, 381

– gap 146, 202, 213, 218, 254 – instability 96, 186 – space 96, 182–184, 189 – – balancing 188 – – tightness 189, 190 flexion-extension gap 338 – mismatch 96

floating platform 74 fluoroscopy 116, 143 foot strike 40 force transducer 283 foreign-body response 353 four-bar linkage 132, 21, 153,

177 – model 37

fracture toughness 356, 357 Freeman-Samuelson knee 103 friction coefficient 353 Fuji pressure-sensitive film 395 full squatting position 316 full-leg standing – film 250 – radiograph 251 functional anatomy 18 fusion defect 374

G

gait 41

– analysis 76, 127, 148, 286 – cycle 286

– gait-congruent mobile- bearing knee 118 gamma irradiation 45, 47, 361,

374 – in air 353, 362, 401 – sterilized 362 gas sterilization 374 gastrocnemius muscle 18 Genesis

– I 103 – II 104 – uni system 317 genotoxicity 372 genu recurvatum 76 geomedic knee 75 gout 5

ground reaction force 286, 309

Guépar 336, 344 – prosthesis 70, 71

guided motion 90 – design 303 – implant design 402 – knee 300 guiding surface 298 – knee 301

H

hamstring 18 haptenization 348 heat-pressing 346 – polyethylene 48

heel strike 39, 127, 129, 149, 150 – to toe-off 293

helical-axis model 154 hemiarthroplasty 326 heterotopic ossification 389 high tibial osteotomy 83, 320,

323 high-flexion knee 311, 312, 314, 315

high-performance (HP) – knee 307

– TKA 308

hinge prosthesis 69, 82 hinge-post extension 337 hybrid fixation 224 hydroxyapatite 103 Hyflex II knee 312 hylamer 48, 93 hyperextension 338 hypersensitivity 347 hyperuricemia 10

I

IBII 87

iliotibial band 18, 171, 202 image-based

– CAS 247 – system 262 imageless – CAS 247

– navigation system 258 imbalance 31 immune

– complex disease 348 – hypersensitivity 347 impingement 35, 138, 148, 145,

191, 218, 304, 313–315, 394, 401

implant

– breakage 72

– loosening 228

implant-bone

– fixation 74

– interface 367

in vivo kinematic 119

infection 72, 382

– arthritis 10

– rate 104

(3)

inlay technique 272 Insall Burstein posterior

stabilized knee 225, 297 insert thickness 368 instability 30, 31

instant center of rotation 28, 135 Instron test machine 161, 309 intercondylar cam 297 interleukin-1 56 intermalleolar axis 168 intermediate constraint 335 intra-articular

– block 386 – deformity 83 intramedullary – alignment 166, 252 – – reference 27 – guide 261

– instrumentation 165, 275 – reference 27

– rod 251 – stem 337 – technique 229 intrathecal analgesia 385 intrinsic stability 74, 365

J

J curve 153 jogging 395 joint – aspiration 4 – line 25, 58, 165, 291 – – elevation 282 – – position 218, 402 jumping distance 314

K

kinematic 22, 115, 153, 336 – conflict 141, 190 – rotating hinge 335 knee

– simulator test 374 – stimulator study 41 – track module 168 – wear simulator 88 Kyocera bi-surface knee 298

L

lateral

– collateral ligament 19, 171, 202

– epicondyle 19

– femoral cutaneous nerve block 386

– gastrocnemius tendon 171 – head of the gastrocnemius

202 – instability 29 – joint capsule 202 – laxity 202

– meniscus 21 – patella – – facet 230 – – subluxation 30, 231 – – tilting 190 – pivot motion 130 – posterior capsule 171 – release 202, 232

– retinacular release 30, 31, 58, 60, 332

– subluxation 332 – trochlear flange 228 LCL 202

LCS 101, 107 – knee 102

– rotating platform 107, 298 learning curve 324 LED 242 liftoff 55, 221, 225 – test 180 ligament

– advancement technique 210 – balance 25, 30, 218, 234 – imbalance 25 – loosening 25 – release 170

light-emitting diode (LED) 242 limb alignment 205 linear

– elastic fracture mechanic 356 – wear 48, 109

LMWH 385 load 15 – cell 214

locking mechanism 51, 55 loose PCL 182

loosening 71, 75, 101, 137, 178, 200, 225, 296, 319

low contract stress (LCS) 101 low-constraint 81

low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) 385

lubrication 370, 374 lubricity 372 lunge 145, 192 lyme arthritis 11

M

MacIntosh hemiarthroplasty 327

magnetic field 284

malalignment 25, 54, 229, 247, 254

malrotation 23, 190 malunion 209, 210 manipulation 389 marmor prosthesis 317 material hypersensitivity 348 maximal flexion 188 maximum

– knee flexion 39, 394 – profile peak height 371 – true strain 355 – true stress 355

MBK 110 McKeever metallic

hemiarthroplasty 326 measured resection 30 – technique 202

mechanical axis 25, 165, 205, 206, 244, 249

medial

– collateral ligament 19, 171, 172

– femoral epicondyle 19 – hamstring 172 – meniscus 19, 21 – parapatellar – – approach 391 – – arthrotomy 276 – pivot

– – knee 31, 295, 298 – – motion 130 – – pattern 132 – posterior capsule 171 – release 202 – tightness 202 medial-lateral

– component overhang 99 – displacement 166 – instability 31

meniscal-bearing 102, 107 – design 88

– prostheses 293 metal

– backing 86, 101, 137, 225, 237 – – metal-backed patella 65, 201 – – metal-backed tibial

component 226 – metal-articular cartilage

articulation 372 – metal-polyethylene

articulation 371 – sensitivity 349, 372 metallic hemiarthroplasty 326 metalloproteinase 12 methotrexate 9, 199 microdamage 16 micromotion 225 mid-flexion – instability 30, 96 – laxity 190 midstance 39 midtransverse axis 168 midvastus approach 276, 391 migration 71

Miller-Galante (MG) 101 – 1 86, 101

– 2 86, 87 – knee 102 milling device 273 minematic conflict 74 minimally invasive – approach 235, 391 – Oxford UKA 322 – surgery 245, 401 – total knee arthroplasty 276 – UKA 271, 272

mini-midvastus approach 276 minimum contraint 335

MIS 245 – Genesis II 277 – TKA 276

mobile bearing 74, 75, 107 – design 54, 85, 107, 126, 362 – knee 117, 217

– – arthroplasty 391 – PCR 134 – PCS 134 – PS 134

mod III prosthesis 317 modularity 51, 54, 335 modulus 356 monoarthritis 4 monogram balancer 214 mortality 382

muscle-tendon unit 18

N

natural knee 101, 102 navigation system 185, 241 nerve block 390 NexGen – RHK 336

– rotating hinge knee 337 nickel 348, 373 niobium 372

Noiles rotating hinge knee 335 non-conforming 87

non-gamma-irradiation sterilized 362

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) 384

notching 261

no-thumbs technique 232

O

obturator 386 odd facet 330 offset 21 – yield 355 oligoarthritis 4 onlay technique 272 opioid 384 ortholoc I 101 – knee 102 OrthoPilot 258 osseointegration 101 osteoarthritis 5

osteolysis 45, 55, 85, 88, 93, 94, 178, 226, 343, 361, 369, 370, 374

osteolytic response 361 osteomyelitis 209 osteonecrosis 228

osteophyte 191, 219, 220, 272 osteotomy 381

overcorrection 83, 236 overhang 230 overload 15 oversizing 266

overstuffing 189, 192, 228

(4)

Oxford 307 – knee jig 152

– meniscal prosthesis 235 – rig 159, 301

– UKA 274, 322

– unicompartmental knee replacement 108 oxidation 47, 353

oxidative degradation 47, 361 oxidized zirconium 363,

370–372

oxinium 105, 349, 370

P

pamidronate 9 paradoxical – anterior femoral – – motion 130

– – sliding 37, 110, 130, 186 – – translation 148, 177 – motion 110, 303, 309, 402 – roll-forward 97, 191 particle size 109 passive

– flexion protocol 389 – robot 264 patella 22 – impingement 236 – infera 58 – resurfacing 330 – tracking 23 patellar – axis 58 – clunk 228 – – syndrome 63, 178 – complication 58

– component malalignment 31 – eversion 276

– fracture 59–61, 67, 228 – groove 57, 172, 314, 315 – hemiarthroplasty 331 – impingement 274 – implant loosening 62 – instability 59, 60 – malalignment 60 – maltracking 58, 66, 72, 228 – non-resurfacing 65 – nose 232

– post impingement 315 – resurfacing 65, 200 – subluxation 57, 304 – tendon rupture 61 – thickness 58, 192 – tilt 59, 60, 65

– tracking 156, 228, 254, 304, 337

patellectomy 61, 67 patellofemoral – arthritis 57 – arthroplasty 329 – contact force 156, 228 patelloplasty 68 patient-controlled

– analgesia (PCA) 101, 255, 385

– – knee 102

– epidural analgesia 385 PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)

19, 97, 121, 186, 189, 218, 366 – balancing 177, 182, 186 – insufficiency 76, 97, 99, 100 – retaining 74, 90

– – fixed-bearing TKA 129 – – mobile-bearing TKA 129 – – TKA 97, 117, 191, 292 – retention 225 – sacrificing 90 – shortening 189 – spacer 182 – substituting 74, 225 – – TKA 178 – tensioner 182 PCR design 37 peak

– cancellous stress 137 – knee flexion moment 124 – surface stress 368 – to valley roughness (R

_pv

) 371 peg

– dislocation 338 – wear 178 peripatellar fibrosis 63 peripheral neural infiltration 386 periprosthetic fracture 72 Perth CT protocol 256 pes anserinus 172 PFC 101 – knee 102 physical therapy 388

pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) 11

pin-on-disk study 374 pitting 86, 353, 361, 374 pivot 396

– motion 315 – position 128 PMMA 52, 223, 344 pneumatic compression 390 polishing 86

polyarthritis 4 polycentric knee 344 polyethylene 45 – articulation 374 – particle 86 – wear 72, 132, 322 polymethylmethacrylate

(PMMA) 52, 223, 344 popliteal muscle 18 popliteus tendon 202 – complex 171

porous coated anatomic (PCA) 101, 105

post fracture 28 post wear 28, 91, 92

post-cam mechanism 119, 177, 314

posterior

– capsular release 202 – capsule 80 – clearance 191 – condylar

– – axis (PCA) 167, 231, 255, 278 – – line 402

– – offset 97, 100, 117, 145, 191, 219, 266

– cortical axis 168 – cruciate ligament (PCL) 19,

121, 141, 171, 177, 189, 366 – – retaining (CR) design 76, 226 – – retaining (CR) knee 143 – – retaining TKA 304 – cruciate-sacrificing – – mobile-bearing TKA 129 – – rotating platform 110 – femoral

– – condyle 20 – – offset 214 – instability 200, 201 – lip 305

– offset 304 – osteophyte 202, 279 – slope 28, 236, 252 – soft-tissue impingement 315 – stabilized (PS) 40, 365, 382 – – design 37, 40, 90 – – fixed-bearing TKA 129 – – knee 117, 141, 143, 313 – – mobile-bearing TKA 129 – – rotating platform 110 – – TKA 201, 292, 308 posterolateral corner 171 posteromedial oblique ligament

172 post-traumatic arthritis 195 power walking 395 preemptive analgesia 390 press fit condylar (PFC) 101 primary stabilizer 141 ProFix knee 104 pseudogout 5, 10 psoriatic arthritis 382 pull-out test 180

Purdue-type knee simulator 159 PVNS 11

pyrogenicity 372

Q

Q angle 30, 36, 229, 305, 331 quadriceps

– active test 145 – avoidance 121, 123 – moment 40 – rupture 61 – snip 202

R

radiolucency 200 – line 71

ram extrusion 47, 353 – insert 86

recurvatum 207 reference – axes 25

– error 250 regional block 386 rehabilitation 203, 388 Repicci 274 – technique 235 resection design 235 response 343 resurfaced patella 228 resurfacing design 235 reverse axial rotational pattern

127 revision rate 102, 395 rheumatoid arthritis 4, 76, 198,

382 rigid hinge 74 – device 335

ROBODOC system 241, 264 robot-assisted surgery 268 robotic technology 241, 264 roentgen stereophoto-

grammetric analysis 126, 154 Rolimeter 185

roll-back 32, 34, 69, 76, 77, 97, 114, 117, 128, 130, 133, 143, 148, 151, 154, 173, 177, 182, 186, 192, 292, 295, 312–315, 327, 337

– mechanism 71 roll-forward 143, 297 roll-glide ratio 153 rolling 35, 41, 296 Röntgen Stereophoto-

grammetric Analysis (RSA) 32 rotating

– hinge 74, 77, 100 – – knee 337 – – prostheses 335 – platform 74, 85, 295, 394 – – design 102

– – mobile-bearing design 118, 126, 155

– – TKA 180 rotational

– alignment 22, 27, 174, 219, 221, 254–256

– axis 154 – constraint 301 – malalignment 275 – reference 26 – stability 365 roughness 371 RSA 32, 126

S

sagittal – alignment 207 – plane 20 – – alignment 27 – – instability 293 – stability 141, 143 SCAR 324

sciatic nerve block 386

scratching 86

screw hole 369

(5)

screw-home 34, 35, 38, 39, 123, 128, 154

– arc 34

– mechanism 69, 177 secondary stabilizer 141 self-aligning (SAL) TKA 107 semiactive robot 264 semi-constrained implant 70 semimembranosus 172 shape-matching 115 shelf life 52, 53 single-leg stance 25 sitting posture 311 skin testing 349 skyline view 27

sliding 35, 41, 132, 143, 296 slip 41

slope 19, 22, 97, 252, 307 soft tissue

– balance 198, 202, 213, 225, 254,

– envelope 74 – impingement 111, 327 – sleeve 23

spin-out 181

spondyloarthropathy 3, 7 sports activity 394 squatting 40 – position 312, 315 S-ROM 336, 337 – modular knee 336 St. Georg rotation knee 335 stair climbing 40 stance phase 127, 133, 148 Stanmore 336

steady-state fracture toughness 356

stem 225

stress-strain curve 354 structural failure 15 Stryker MRH 336 subluxation 59, 60 submicron – particle 56, 361 – wear 55

subphysiological underload 15 subsidence 230

subsurface – crack 47, 52 – shear stress 132 sulcus 19, 21 sulfasalazine 9 sunrise radiograph 232 supracondylar fracture 210 suprapatellar pouch 277, 281,

324 supraphysiological overload 15 surface

– deformation 86 – fatigue 86 – referencing 272, 275 – stress distribution 365, 367 – texture 347

survival rate 137, 258, 323, 335, 395

survivorship 51 – analysis 226

Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) 200, 324, 395 swing phase 39

synovectomy 201 synovial – biopsy 11 – chondromatosis 11

T

tantalum (Ta) 348 – trabecular metal 105 T-cell-mediated 343 TEA 255

technetium scintigraphy 16 teflon bearing 344 telemetry 282 TENS 387 tensile property 355 tensiometer 213

tensioned gap technique 231 tensioner 182

thalidomide 9 third-body – debris 373 – wear 52, 87, 224 three-axis model 156 tibial

– component – – alignment 256 – – malalignment 30 – – rotation 256 – cut 26

– – first technique 182 – loosening 225 – overhang 230 – rotational alignment 27 – shaft axis 155, 165 – slope 178, 188–190, 214, 318 – tray design 368

– tubercle 27 tight PCL 182 tissue homeostasis 15 titanium 103, 347, 348, 372

TNF α 10

toe off 39, 127, 129, 150 too much metal sign 180, 181 torque 15

total

– condylar prosthesis 226 – constraint 335 toughness 354 TRAC knee 298

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) 387 transepicondylar

– axis (TEA) 26, 202, 231, 255 – line 38

transtibial axis 22 transverse axis 27

tribology of oxidized zirconium 374, 375

tricon-M knee 102 trochlear – dysplasia 329 – geometry 228

– groove 20, 65, 228, 329, 394 true ultimate stress/strain 355,

357 true yield stress/strain 355 two-axis model 154

U

UHMWPE 45, 344, 353 UKA 121, 234, 270 ultimate – strain 355 – strength 355 – tensile strength 353 ultra-conforming 75 ultra-high-molecular-weight

polyethylene (UHMWPE) 41, 45, 344

unconstrained TKA 119 under-correction 236 undersizing 266 unicompartmental knee

arthroplasty (UKA) 121, 148, 234, 270, 322, 381 unispacer 326, 327 unresurfaced patella 60, 228 upsizing 203

V

valgus – deformity 198

– knee 174 – laxity 99 – malalignment 219 – stress testing 99 variable axis total knee 298 varus

– deformity 26 – knee 172 – laxity 99

– malalignment 219, 225 – stress testing 99

– varus-valgus alignment 170 – varus-valgus stability 76, 338 venous thromboembolism 382 video fluoroscopy 126, 148, 191,

394 virtual

– implantation 265 – knee 159 vitallium 343 volumetric 363 – wear 49, 88, 370, 373

W

walking 41 Walldius 336, 344 – hinge prosthesis 69 wear 22, 41, 85, 151, 396, 314, 374 – debris 41, 85, 345, 369, 370,