The theme selected2 for the table 2 Techniques, processes, design addressed the sub–theme Industrial Ecology and evaluation methods of territorial sustainability, in which were investigated various aspects as priorities for the situation in question: the search for indicators for monitoring the growth proposals urban and real estate; finding ways to promote a sus-tainable development from local resources, or producing resources and/or turning problems into resources; the reuse process of rubble as a project of new materials.
The first study refers to the territorial urban scale. The objective tends to set a framework for information useful to first orient addresses of the plan, in terms of quantity (possible expansion) and quality (new expansions, how and where recovery and / or urban renewal).
The “Framework” contains data and critical analysis related to consump-tion of the actual populaconsump-tion of Caporciano, expressed in the surface area needed to produce resources and waste disposal (Footprint ecological synthetic), and to the carrying capacity of the territorial system observed. This will make transparent the basic conditions (if you wish to address the sustainability) to configure a model development/sustainable growth of the territory in question.
The work has used methods of investigation directed at: the use of the soil, survey and knowledge (performance) analysis of consumption categories of resources. The results are intended to configure an integrated planning, urban–technological, or to the definition of guides in the construction of settle-ments characterized by environmental sustainability.
1G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara.
Taking part in preliminary works and in paper writing: Francesco D’Adamo, Maria Mascarucci, Massimo Pitocco.
2For general background, see footnote 2, in the contribution of the same author at the table techniques, materials, design.
Massimo Lauria (edited by) Produzione dell’Architettura tra tecniche e progetto. Ricerca e innovazione per il territorio = Architectural Planning between build and design techniques. Glocal oriented research and innovation, ISBN 978-88-8453-988-5 (online) ISBN 978-88-8453-990-8 (print) © 2010 Firenze University Press
In the second study is faced the problem of the building production with a view to identify local resources to be exploited in closed production cycles (industrial ecology).
The greening effort is starting with the choice of materials to the configu-ration of buildings, through qualification of manufacturing processes and, especially, production processes, where they must explain clearly what strategies are able to qualify the building system in context and to metabolize flows of matter and energy.
The research uses a survey methodology direct to the territory for the acqui-sition of data (primary and secondary resources; compatible sites, environmen-tal analysis, system management, feasibility) and to verify the developed model.
In particular we analyze the opportunity to promote a new green business.
The case study, on which the research activity currently focused on the activities, concerns the possibility to use the forest resources in a production cycle and energy closed, able to provide biomass heating and building materials.
The territory of the “piana di Navelli” includes different municipalities, with a number of residents of about 4200 units, in a radius of ten kilome-ters: Barisciano, San Pio delle Camere, Prata D’Ansidonia, Caporciano, Navelli, Collepietro, St. Benedict in Perillis.
The territory of these municipalities has a discrete forest cover: between 2500 and 3000 ha of hardwood forest in majority of coppice and less than conifer wood. Over the past 50 years, the forest has lost value and now unlike-ly is considered an “heritage”. The woods, even if property predominantunlike-ly pub-lic, no longer have a real management and are enjoyed only to cut a bit of wood for heating.
More recently, the forest has even become a problem to be resisted because of struts summer. The first step is then the activation of a continuous and overall system wooded management, considering the multifunctionality of the same and the principles of sustainability to respect.
It must, in short, appeal from an economic standpoint forest management so far has meant only a cost both for individuals and for the municipalities. A desirable first action is to make (through public–private partnerships) a short chain, 30–40 km of the “Wood energy”3 (economic attractiveness should reduce costs by transport, like sustainability must be pursued to minimize emissions).
3All factors of production, processing, transport and use of wood for energy production (from biomass for heating).
It should also safeguard the forests by promoting other uses, such as construc-tion. For a chain wood–building requires time–consuming but necessary incentives and economic support to companies in a new and innovative sector. The products are possible in the form of chassis panels curtain straw (coppice material) and multilayer (Black pine). The required maintenance (cleaning and cutting) of cop-pice provide additional material for intermediate and biomass waste.
The aim is to introduce an industrial production of panels straw, and these will include a production consisting consists of prefabricated timber frames and straw padding. The frame of the panel can be made of laminat-ed wood, whether the construction will provide the carrier with its own function, simple panels or whether they will be encased in an existing.
Made concrete the timber sector in a sustainable management (Sustainable Forest Management), it should determine the conditions for industrial produc-tion of wooden frames; for example could start from sawmills in the area that could be the reference to the early stages of processing, which could then be transformed in new industries for the manufacture of the product in stages.
The industrial cost of start–up can be mitigated through partnership with industry leaders in the production.
In the third study suggested a reconstruction process moving the solution of one of the most critical, never too highlighted: the presence of the rubble fol-lowing the collapse of buildings historic and contemporary. There are around 4.5 million tones of rubble that are still a physical impediment to the start of reconstruction of the city, besides representing a major source of pollution, being treated as waste undifferentiated; there are not enough sites for the dis-posal of large a quantity of material. Such debris could be transformed from problem to resource and be reused for the reconstruction. By using local stone, in fact, it would be preserved the integration of expression and color with the natural landscape, typical of the countries destroyed by the earthquake, and the consumption of natural resources would be significantly limited, while avoiding the costs of disposal waste materials.
The search path starts from the delineation of a process of transforma-tion of the “problem” in material resource. We will see in the field of new materials and technology tailored to the needs of the local population for the next future; the method refers to a review of trials applications and transfers from other reality comparable verified by means of an Environmental Assessment (LCA) for impacts of different process solutions.
The expected result is configured as a cornerstone of a new sustainable development of the territory, by transforming those activities determined by the emergence into concrete opportunities and sustained in the future.
195 Industrial ecology and sustainability
FRANCESCAGIOFRÈ1